Top 50 Cryptocurrency VC Funds & Investors in Europe (October 2026)

Portfolio highlights

• EarnOS — EarnOS is the fully remote company that provides Global Ad & Payments Platform powered by Web3.
• KOR Protocol — KOR Protocol is a decentralized intellectual property (IP) infrastructure designed to empower creators, protect rights, and enable seamless collaboration and monetization of IP assets across various industries, including music, film, TV, gaming, and art. Backed by notable entities like Animoca Brands, Republic, Niantic, Sfermion, Solana, andprominent creators such as Black Mirror, Disclosure, deadmau5, and Richie Hawtin, KOR leverages blockchain, AI, and DeFi to offer a transparent, efficient, and scalable environment for IP expansion.
• Freehand — AI Teams for Complex Spend Management

Portfolio highlights

• Entravel — Market leading hotel distribution API & room mapping. Agentic interface for AI agents. Turnkey hotel booking white labels for businesses.
• Solana — Solana is the high performance network powering internet capital markets, payments, and crypto applications. Fast. Decentralized. Scalable. Energy efficient. Solana can power thousands of transactions per second.
• TrueNorth — The first Agentic Brokerage - build your own professional trading desk

Portfolio highlights

• tenka — tenka is an institutional-grade, decentralized market layer for asset-based finance (ABF) and private credit
• functionSPACE — functionSPACE builds DeFi infrastructure to price and trade numerical outcomes.
• Alkemya Luxembourg — Alkemya Luxembourg is an international high tech metals firm specializing in sourcing and distributing rare earth oxides, titanium, and nickel wire, that are increasingly important to R&D and manufacturing companies in semiconductor, aerospace, and other high technology industries.

Portfolio highlights

• Raven — Raven is a proprietary high-frequency algorithmic trading firm specializing in CeFi market making and DeFi liquidity provision.
• Jeeves Inc. — Pay for anything, anywhere, in your local currency. No fees. No interest. No personal guarantees. Mobile-first, built with your team in mind.
• Catchback Cards — Catchback Cards offers a platform for buying, selling, storing, and auctioning collectibles with pack opening and card-backed loan services.

Portfolio highlights

• TurboFlow — Trading, made simple. Everyone gets a seat at TurboFlow.
• DePay — DePay is an Argentina-based real-time payments infrastructure startup.
• Limited — Secure your treasury and scale your business globally with a truly self-custodial account that only you control. No banks. No middlemen.

Portfolio highlights

• Yellow — Yellow is a financial services provider of software, analytics, and investments in blockchain startups.
• KIP Protocol — KIP Protocol is a decentralised AI framework unlocking digital property rights of Knowledge Assets in the AI-powered future.
• Alliance Games — Build Beyond Limits. Multiplayer for the Next, Decentralized Era.

Portfolio highlights

• Superlogic — OneOf is the mass-consumer Web3 company connecting the next 100M non-crypto-native fans to iconic brands, artists, and athletes. OneOf technology enables global brands and enterprises to reimagine commerce, loyalty and engagement, allowing consumers to seamlessly collect or trade digital assets with no prior crypto expertise. Deeply committed to a sustainable and inclusive blockchain future, minting digital assets on OneOf's platform uses up to 2 million times less energy than previous generation proof-of-work networks, and costs up to 99% less in gas fees. A leader in diversity, over 80% of the collections curated by OneOf come from minority or female creators.
• PERPTools — PERPTools combines crypto perpetual trading with activity points and risk-free market predictions.
• Slinky Network — Slinky Network provides an on-chain marketplace and payment protocol that connects AI agents and applications with third-party APIs. The company offers the SlinkyLayer platform, which wraps developer endpoints as discoverable skills and exposes them through an x402 pay-per-execution interface. Each API call triggers a non-custodial on-chainmicropayment, settling in the same request loop using networks such as Base and BNB Chain. Developers set prices, earn a defined revenue share, and receive instant payouts to their wallets without subscriptions or custodial holds. AI agents authenticate via wallet signatures, enabling autonomous, machine-to-machine access and payment without traditional logins or credit cards. The platform also records call ratings on-chain to provide portable, verifiable reputation for services.

Portfolio highlights

• Jeeves Inc. — Pay for anything, anywhere, in your local currency. No fees. No interest. No personal guarantees. Mobile-first, built with your team in mind.
• Velocity — Velocity provides a unified platform for efficiently moving and managing funds across both traditional banks and blockchains.
• Silicon Data — Revolutionize compute markets through unparalleled data transparency, financial product innovation and market intelligence

Portfolio highlights

• Hoora — Hoora is a mobile gaming platform that offers an instant, scrollable feed of over 200 casual and arcade mini-games playable without downloads or waiting.
• Shiplong — Shiplog creates live customer profiles to automate real-time decisions, helping SaaS teams expand, retain, and grow Net Revenue Retention.
• üma Laboratories — Laboratoires üma develops products targeting the physiological changes associated with perimenopause, menopause, and post-menopause.

Portfolio highlights

• heXem bio — heXem bio specializes in recording solutions for the early development of humans for longevity.
• Cloverleaf Bio — Cloverleaf Bio | Developing a new class of RNA therapeutics to revolutionize cancer therapy.
• Poseidon Aerospace — Poseidon Aerospace is developing unmanned cargo aircraft for regional commercial air freight and contested defense logistics.

Portfolio highlights

• Spicenet — Spicenet is a hyper-fast Layer 2 (L2) trading solution, engineered as a custom application rollup to deliver ultra-fast, reliable, and efficient transaction processing for seamless trading experiences.
• Real Finance — Real Finance is driven by the mission to revolutionize the financial landscape by integrating real-world assets with blockchain technology, creating a more transparent, secure, and efficient ecosystem that bridges traditional finance with decentralized innovation, enhances asset liquidity, and unlocks new opportunities for global investors.
• WorkQuest — About WorkQuest WorkQuest is a decentralized employment and workforce automation protocol enabling employers and workers to collaborate through smart contracts, stablecoin payments, AI matching engines, and on-chain reputation scoring. The platform transforms global employment into a transparent, verifiable, and borderless digital labor economy.

Portfolio highlights

• Bondio — Connect instantly to 1000+ networks in 200+ countries, with 0 commitments
• Linc — Linc is a platform that delivers data retrieval and analysis services tailored to business needs. The company offers solutions supporting bookkeeping and payroll workflows alongside information management capabilities. Linc offerings streamline data management processes and enable organizations to operationalize their data more effectively.
• Concord — Concord is the agentic infrastructure for media buying, turning media plans into governed campaign execution across advertising platforms.

Portfolio highlights

• Wixpool — Wixpool is a liquidity mining mechanism that is based on the Wixpool Rate Stabiliser (WRS) algorithm. Wixpool, led by WRS, allows anybody to invest in high-yield liquidity pools with a steady interest rate by pooling the assets of private users into an automated ecosystem.
• Elixir — Powering deUSD, a yield bearing and fully collateralized decentralized dollar on the Elixir Network, bringing institutional-grade liquidity to RWAs.
• Frontrunner — Alexistogel atau di kenal sebagai alexistoto adalah salah satu situs slot yang sudah terpercaya dengan banyaknya yang ingin maxwin hari ini

Portfolio highlights

• Cell Type — On-prem biological LLMs that simulate human biology, learn from your data, and outperform general-purpose AI on drug development tasks. YC W26.
• Merge Labs — Merge Labs is a brain-computer interface startup that aims to compete with Neuralink and integrate human cognition with AI.
• Constellation Space — We are building the OS for Space. Backed by @ycombinator and @nvidia.

Portfolio highlights

• Mio — Mio is a Slack-native AI employee that answers questions, prepares meetings, and ships work across your team's tools. Just @mio.
• Kash — trade or create social, 24-hour prediction markets directly from your feed
• Kulipa — Kulipa helps fintechs issue branded stablecoin-backed cards to their users

Portfolio highlights

• A-World — Welcome to Animal World, a battle game based on #BNBCHAIN's super metaverse card tower defense. By setting up a hero tower to destroy monsters.
• NeuronX — The First AI-Driven Lending Protocol on @dfinity
• Vue Protocol — Community-First Layer for AI Memecoins. @solana @pumpdotfun @ton_blockchain Dvo1Fb7FxtUxsLbcQaizftfUT9HtL9P6swaQAScZDeQQ

Portfolio highlights

• Kapkap — Kapkap is a web3 platform that uses AI for attention based value distribution in gaming.
• PERPTools — PERPTools combines crypto perpetual trading with activity points and risk-free market predictions.
• Open Campus — The Open Campus is a community-driven protocol that leverages the power of blockchain and invites all to build the future of education by putting the power of learning back in the hands of educators, students, and the community.

Portfolio highlights

• BULK Trade — One Exchange Infinite Markets
• Pave Bank — The world's first multi-asset and programmable bank
• Nova Markets — Decide what lists next on @HyperliquidX and earn from every listing, forever.

Portfolio highlights

• Beldex — Beldex is a private ecosystem consisting of decentralized applications. The Beldex privacy coin (BDX) is a utility coin of the Beldex private ecosystem.
• Superset — The Unified Execution Layer for stablecoins, tokenized deposits, and onchain FX. One shared liquidity market, accessible across all chains.
• ZenChain — The first decentalised Bitcoin EVM L1 bringing smart contracts, composability, and true cross-chain liquidity to BTC.

Portfolio highlights

• Findery — Find and leave notes anywhere in the world, discover local knowledge, hidden secrets, and exciting stories. Share your travel knowledge, geoblog, or local news!
• GAMINSIDE — GAMINSIDE revolutionizes your relationship with your customers. As European full service provider, we deliver the complete package with solutions, services and software for gamified loyalty that is tailor-made and unique to your products, brands and customers. Integrate the best ideas from gamification and customer loyalty in your business areato exceed your commercial targets with GAMINSIDE.
• Polaron — Material Design. Supercharged with AI.

Portfolio highlights

• Soter Insure — Reliable insurance for the digital asset ecosystem.
• Ethereum Institutional — Accelerating institutional adoption of Ethereum
• Digital Prime Technologies — Full-Service Institutional-Grade Prime Brokerage for Digital Asset Management. DLCC offers full-service Prime Brokerage solutions for digital assets. Our all-in-one user interface leverages both API and Saas product offerings to connect clients with a growing network of liquidity providers to transact, borrow, and lend digital assets, and managecollateral. Our product suite also offers traditional Prime Brokerage services, such as consultation and capital introduction.

Portfolio highlights

• Enjinstarter — Web 3.0 Entertainment, Sports, Fashion, Metaverse, Social, Gamefi & Gamified Utility
• Zeitgeist PM — Zeitgeist PM is a blockchain tech to facilitate prediction markets and the futarchy form of governance.
• Genesis Shards — Crafting a whole new suite of NFT powered products across multiple blockchains

Portfolio highlights

• Zengo — Zengo is the most secure crypto wallet: The only self-custodial wallet with no private key vulnerability. Powered by MPC, always recoverable, never hacked.
• DeepSafe — The world's first Cryptographic Random AI Verification Network for trustless verification of any on-chain and off-chain messages.
• SecondLive — SecondLive is a diversified metaverse focused on building social networks and supporting creator economic activities.

Portfolio highlights

• Fincom — OFAC Sanctions Screening and Entity Resolution: Payments screening, ACH transactions screening, Instant Payments, pKYC, Verification of Payee
• Entravel — Market leading hotel distribution API & room mapping. Agentic interface for AI agents. Turnkey hotel booking white labels for businesses.
• Azuro — Powerful tooling, oracle & liquidity solutions for any EVM predictions & gaming ecosystem

Portfolio highlights

• Baobab Studios — Creating VR animation experiences to bring out your sense of wonder and inspire you to dream again.
• Firelight — Firelight is a DeFi protocol that allows XRP holders can stake tokens and help cover risks on DeFi platforms.
• Alkemya Luxembourg — Alkemya Luxembourg is an international high tech metals firm specializing in sourcing and distributing rare earth oxides, titanium, and nickel wire, that are increasingly important to R&D and manufacturing companies in semiconductor, aerospace, and other high technology industries.

Portfolio highlights

• Solana — Solana is the high performance network powering internet capital markets, payments, and crypto applications. Fast. Decentralized. Scalable. Energy efficient. Solana can power thousands of transactions per second.
• Saturn — Onchain Structured Digital Credit | Disciples of @Saylor | Incubated by @YZiLabs | Backed by @AD_VenturesX @SoraVentures @TheSpartanGroup
• THEA-AI — AI that amplifies human performance

Portfolio highlights

• Solana — Solana is the high performance network powering internet capital markets, payments, and crypto applications. Fast. Decentralized. Scalable. Energy efficient. Solana can power thousands of transactions per second.
• Flying Tulip — Better Yield, Better UX
• Hypernova — The onchain prop firm, built to back traders.

Portfolio highlights

• Cube — Cube is a French accelerator for tech startups, particularly in Web3, blockchain, and innovation, rebranded from Cube3. It provides a 9-month program combining strategic mentoring, customized funding, media production, and investor networking to scale promising ventures.
• Ostrea — OSTREA is a pioneering company in the creation of high-performance materials based on bio-minerals: seashells.
• NeoXperiences — NeoXperiences develops technological solutions that bring audiences together around fun and interactive experiences.

Portfolio highlights

• Mecka AI — Mecka is the data and deployment layer for Physical AI.
• Spearbit — Spearbit connects independent security experts to Web3 projects that need them.The company offers a range of services, including expert-conducted security reviews and ongoing security reviews through retainer agreements. These services provide clients with an operational layer, freeing them from time-consuming administrative tasks and clientsourcing and due diligence.
• TVL Capital — TVL Capital is a financial infrastructure firm specialising in Chain Traded Products (CTPs).

Portfolio highlights

• Obud — Obud is a wellness reservation systems that is designed for holistic health and lifestyle management purposes. The company's systems offer a comprehensive suite of tools for booking wellness activities, managing schedules, and accessing curated wellness programs, enabling wellness centers to streamline their operations, enhance userengagement, and promote a balanced and healthy lifestyle.
• myluigi.ai — Luigi is an AI-Powered Full-Stack Game Growth-as-a-Service platform designed to help mobile game studios scale user acquisition, engagement and lifetime value without adding headcount. Its dual-engine architecture automates and operates everything from ad campaign creation and real-time creative optimization to personalized in-game offers and LTVforecasting—delivered through a single, easy-to-integrate and unified dashboard. With a flexible per-title pricing model and powerful machine-learning insights, Luigi empowers mid-sized and indie developers to reduce CPI, boost retention and chart a clear path toward sustainable growth and seven-figure ARR.
• RubiLabs — RubiLabs Inc provides a platform for unifying, monitoring, and analyzing organizational data. RubiLabs software enables analysts and operators across risk, compliance, and security teams to collaborate and interpret large volumes of information in real time. The company’s platform is designed to help institutions make sense of complex, fragmenteddata by transforming it into a coherent operational picture for risk detection, continuous monitoring, and investigative workflows.

Portfolio highlights

• Jeeves Inc. — Pay for anything, anywhere, in your local currency. No fees. No interest. No personal guarantees. Mobile-first, built with your team in mind.
• EDGE Markets — The Financial Platform for Smart Bettors
• LI.FI — Advanced Bridge & DEX Aggregation - Drive multichain strategies with cross-chain data messaging and get users from everywhere.

Portfolio highlights

• Fluxco — One spec in, competitive bids from 150+ global OEMs back in days. Procurement, leasing, service and warranty from one accountable partner.
• Sequen — Sequen is user behavior by design.
• FINN — At finn our mission is to make mobility fun and sustainable: We help everyone who loves driving their own car but refuses the struggle, commitment and intransparent costs associated with car ownership. We achieve this by offering all-inclusive, immediately available, monthly car-subscriptions. Best thing, yet: While you drive we plant trees asevery journey is CO2 compensated.

Portfolio highlights

• Portal to Bitcoin — The only custody-less interoperability protocol for Bitcoin. Swap native BTC, Ordinals, Runes with L2s and L1s
• Euler — The credit layer for programmable finance
• WorkQuest — About WorkQuest WorkQuest is a decentralized employment and workforce automation protocol enabling employers and workers to collaborate through smart contracts, stablecoin payments, AI matching engines, and on-chain reputation scoring. The platform transforms global employment into a transparent, verifiable, and borderless digital labor economy.

Portfolio highlights

• Redpill AI — Access 200+ AI models with privacy-first infrastructure. Private models in GPU TEE, OpenAI-compatible API, zero data retention.
• Yellow — Yellow is a financial services provider of software, analytics, and investments in blockchain startups.
• Konnex World — Building the GDP of autonomous systems. Turning robot labor into on-chain liquidity. $KNX

Portfolio highlights

• Despegar — Despegar operates as an online business-to-consumer travel agency that focuses on the Portuguese and Spanish speaking markets. It enables people to research travel plans, check flight availability, book airline, and hotel and car rental reservations online, as well as offer travel-related services, including access to airlines, car rentalcompanies, and hotels and vacation packages. The company serves the leisure and corporate travelers. It operates in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Uruguay, Venezuela, Spain, and the United States. The company was founded in 1999 and is based in Miami, Florida.
• Medallion — Provider credentialing and enrollment reimagined. Accelerate time-to-revenue, stay compliant, and scale provider operations, without adding headcount, through automated credentialing and enrollment.
• Decolar.com — Decolar.com is an online travel agency that offers complete travel services, including tickets, tour packages, accommodation, and car rental. Since 1999, more than 2,000,000 people have bought their air tickets through this platform.Decolar.com is present in 21 countries, including Argentina, the U.S., and Spain. It has a partnership of more than500 airlines and 150,000 hotels worldwide. When purchasing an airline ticket or travel package, Decolar.com’s customers also receive discounts at restaurants and shops in the chosen destination, plus 10% discount on purchases in Duty Free.Decolar.com was launched in 1999 and is based in Guarulhos, Sao Paulo.

Portfolio highlights

• Blink — Blink is a fintech company creating a blockchain marketplace platform for blockchain analytics and recovering maximum extractable value.
• Intract — Real-time settlement, clean FX rates, and 30+ currencies for businesses on both sides of the transaction.
• jiritsu.network — Jiritsu is a decentralized protocol enabling verifiable compute.

Portfolio highlights

• Kaiko — Kaiko provides real-time and historical cryptocurrency trade data, order books, and aggregated prices through a cryptocurrency API, downloadable CSV files, and a livestream WebSocket. We cover 100+ crypto exchanges and 35,000+ trading pairs for Bitcoin, Ethereum, and altcoins.
• Delivery Hero — Delivery Hero is the world's leading local delivery company. We are on a mission to deliver an amazing experience - fast, easy, and to your door.
• Polar Analytics — Your Shopify Analytics. Effortless. Centralized. Smart. Connect your datasource in one clic, automatically calculate KPIs. Visualize them all in one place. Get alerts and recommendations in realtime

Portfolio highlights

• Deblock — Better than your bank: IBAN, Visa card, instant SEPA transfers, 4% a year, and a self-custody wallet for your crypto.
• Harbor — Future Proof Finance
• Dakota Ridge — Stablecoin infrastructure that enables global money movement.

Portfolio highlights

• Vangrid — Vangrid operates as a decentralized physical infrastructure network.
• ORO — ORO is an AI-powered DeFi companion that lets users manage, trade, stake, lend, and research crypto assets through natural-language conversations, ORO aims to simplify onchain finance by bringing portfolio management and DeFi actions into one conversational interface.
• Fortune Protocol — Fortune Protocol brings the age- old tradition of fortune cookies to the modern prediction market.

Portfolio highlights

• Blips — Blips is a platform in Brazil that aims to bridge the gap between investors and entrepreneurs. The company connects and drives investors and entrepreneurs with tangible assets that enable productive business activities, allowing customers to buy and finance supplies and inputs, as well as an educational platform to support the entrepreneurs'journey, teaching management techniques, growth, and technical knowledge for equipment use.
• Primo — A birdseye view of your IT.
• Heidi Health — Heidi Health is a healthtech company that develops an AI medical scribe platform that automates clinical documentation and related tasks.

Portfolio highlights

• DePay — DePay is an Argentina-based real-time payments infrastructure startup.
• Diameter Pay — Diameter Pay is a financial service company that provides financial inclusion, fintech, blockchain, and social entrepreneurship services.
• City Protocol — City Protocol offers growth incentives and creative tools driven by AI. A portable reputation is created via City ID.

Portfolio highlights

• Orthogonal — Giving AI agents the tools they need.
• World Foundation — World is the real human network. A new standard of trust on the internet.
• Solana Company — Building the Preeminent Solana Treasury $HSDT

Portfolio highlights

• CAEX — CAEX is a crypto asset exchange operator. CAEX builds transparent and secure crypto asset trading platform for investors.
• Coinone — Coinone is the cryptocurrency exchanges. Under the vision to ‘Bring Blockchain into the World,’ they aspires to lead the new world of finance through blockchain technology. They currently operates the third largest exchange. They prioritizes the protection of clients’ assets and is dedicated to providing the most secure investing environment.
• townsquare — Crosschain infrastructure bringing institutional & onchain yields to retail, powering institutional strategies, & RWAs | https://t.co/5glAR6k007

Portfolio highlights

• Watch.fun — Open boxes, collect watches. Pull a Rolex today. Authenticated by Wristcheck. Backed by @SolanaVentures
• Chomp — Chomp is a social network platform that focuses on on question-and-answer with prediction-based systems.
• Solana Company — Building the Preeminent Solana Treasury $HSDT

Portfolio highlights

• Rhuna — One white-label stack for payments, ticketing, access, and data across live entertainment.
• Entravel — Market leading hotel distribution API & room mapping. Agentic interface for AI agents. Turnkey hotel booking white labels for businesses.
• Cork Protocol — Cork's new DeFi primitive, Depeg Swaps allows investors to hedge and trade the risk of their pegged asset (LST/LRTs, Stablecoins, RWAs).

Portfolio highlights

• Utexo — Instant, private USDT payments on Bitcoin. Move stablecoins the way you move money.
• Five Bells — Five Bells is an a blockchain-based settlement and clearing platform for digital assets that provides safe and open transactions.
• Foundation — Foundation Devices builds the open hardware foundation for Bitcoin and the sovereign Internet.They started Foundation Devices to make beautifully designed, open-source hardware for Bitcoin and the decentralized Internet. To bring great design and UX to hardware wallets, nodes, and more. To empower individuals to securely use and store Bitcoinwhile maintaining their sovereignty. To help our industry cross the chasm while staying true to its founding ideals. We call this open hardware. And we are excited to bring it to the world!

Portfolio highlights

• Benford — Benford is a modern, licensed audit firm that provides technology-driven statutory audit services using its custom software, AuditOS.
• StandardX — StandardX is a deep-tech company building the isotope refinery powered by a scalable, compact particle accelerator platform.
• Pilgrim — Pioneering a biologically enhanced future for humanity.

Portfolio highlights

• TrueDAO — TrueDAO is a new-generation AI-native decentralized autonomous financial infrastructure. Built on the underlying logic of DAO community co-governance, it leverages smart contracts to construct an on-chain financial system integrating AI algorithm scheduling, staking, and dynamic protection. It optimizes economic parameters and asset strategies inreal time via AI models, delivers low-volatility and sustainable value growth paths for digital assets, and pioneers an innovative paradigm of autonomous finance.
• Cryopets — Pausing biological time with cryosleep for pets
• Share — From subsea cables to last-mile networks, Share coordinates fragmented infrastructure into a single ecosystem.

Portfolio highlights

• NG.CASH — NG.CASH is a digital bank designed to help the new generations (ages 12 to 30) achieve financial independence. It lets users take charge of their money through solutions like PIX (Brazil’s instant-payment system), prepaid and virtual cards, allowance management, and now credit products tailored for young adults. As a financial hub, NG.CASH is builtto grow with its clients, boosting financial literacy and supporting them at every stage of life.
• TRM Labs — Next Generation Blockchain Intelligence | Monitor, Investigate, and Mitigate Crypto Fraud and Financial Crime
• Tare — Tare uses AI and tokenization to change the entire credit lifecycle.

Portfolio highlights

• Extoll — EXTOLL, a leader in high-speed, ultra-low power SerDes and Chiplet connectivity, offers semiconductor IP with the smallest footprints and highest PPA. Serving global ASIC, SoC, and Chiplet markets, our portfolio includes tailored NoC (Network-on-Chip) and Die-to-Die solutions. EXTOLL drives innovation, enabling successful migration into the Chiplet Age.
• BlueID GmbH — Smart locks for professionals. BlueID delivers flexible, secure and convenient smart locks for all doors in and around your office.
• CenterPoint - Connective Software Engineering — CenterPoint was founded in 2000 and is based in Villach, Austria with an additional office in Warsaw, Poland. CenterPoint - Connective Software Engineering develops and markets process control and fault detection and classification software solutions. The company offers cause effect analysis, metrology assessment, and close loop and run to runcontrol services. It's focus are the semiconductors, electronics, and steel and alloy industries.