Top 50 Artificial Intelligence Angel Investors in United States (August 2026)

Portfolio highlights

• Knit — Knit is an AI-Native Research Agency that combines the rigor and expertise of a traditional agency with the speed and efficiency of AI.
• Uniti AI — Uniti's AI agents answer every call, text, chat, and email in seconds inside the PMS/CRM you already run. Built for real estate operators focused on growth, profitability & scale.
• Discovered Materials — AI Agents that discover new materials to improve compute

Portfolio highlights

• Phinge — Netverse Verified User-Centric Patented App-less Platform NI & Magnetically Connectable Devices. CEO Ranked #1 Globally On Crunchbase For 5 Of The Last 7 Months

Portfolio highlights

• NavigateAI — An AI copilot for every person in the field. NavigateAI upskills and coaches your team, runs real-time quality control, manages the project in the background, and provides expert knowledge, instantly.
• Harvey — Harvey is an artificial intelligence technology service provider.
• Socket — Socket fights vulnerabilities and provides visibility, defense-in-depth, and proactive supply chain protection for JavaScript, Python, and Go dependencies.

Portfolio highlights

• Meticulous — Meticulous auto-generates and auto-maintains visual frontend browser tests, providing a level of coverage that is unattainable with manually written tests.
• Osmo Studio — Osmo is an AI-native video editor for product launch videos and motion graphics. Turn ideas, Figma files, and footage into polished, on-brand animations, built as editable code.
• Gravity — The Ad Network for AI

Portfolio highlights

• NewLimit — NewLimit is extending human healthspan by unlocking regenerative potential.
• Shellworks — Reimaging nature's packaging with beautifully sustainable, truly compostable alternatives to plastic for cosmetics and beauty products.
• Viktor — Viktor is the AI employee that lives in Slack and Microsoft Teams, connects to 3,200+ tools, and does the work. Reports, dashboards, code, campaigns. Start free.

Portfolio highlights

• Seezo — Security design reviews for every feature your company builds. Someday, we will be more active on Twitter
• Neurable — Neurable is a neurotechnology company specializing in developing AI-powered tools for brain signal translation and brain-computer interface technology. Utilizing patented signal processing, developed through research across labs and institutions, and advanced by a scientific and expert product team, its platform enables high-performancebrain-computer interface in everyday devices.
• Normal Computing — Normal Computing was founded by former members of the Google Brain Team, Palantir, and X who unlocked AI for some of the largest-scale and most mission-critical production systems, and the industry leading ML frameworks for Probabilistic and Quantum AI.

Portfolio highlights

• Humera — Humera - AI CAPTCHA That Knows You're Human
• Allonic — Allonic is a robotics hardware company pioneering 3D Tissue Braiding, a new manufacturing platform for producing integrated, compliant, bio-inspired robotic bodies through a single, fully automated production process. By eliminating assembly-heavy designs and supply-chain complexity, Allonic enables significantly faster iteration, lower costs, andsafer, more dexterous robots to be built. Originally founded from Hungary and operating internationally with a US HQ and a growing team of 15, Allonic is building the hardware foundation for the next generation of intelligent machines.
• Heywa Labs — Heywa Labs develops Generative UX (GenUX), an AI-driven interface layer that creates dynamic, adaptive user experiences beyond static text or links. Their flagship app, Heywa, delivers visual, tappable "stories" of cards for tasks like cooking, travel, fitness, and DIY, reconfiguring in real-time based on user interactions.

Portfolio highlights

• Ambrook — Ambrook offers specialized accounting software for family-run farms, ranches, and agribusinesses. The platform includes bookkeeping, invoicing, bill payment, and analytics tools. Ambrook aims to help these businesses manage finances, track profitability, and prepare for the future.
• Paper — design, share, ship
• Gravity — The Ad Network for AI

Portfolio highlights

• Moonlake AI — Vibe code games and worlds into existence.
• Belfort — Enabling Fully Homomorphic Encryption through Hardware Acceleration
• Periodic Labs — From bits to atoms.

Portfolio highlights

• Tivara — Automate patient phone calls across scheduling, refills, intake, and after-hours workflows. All while improving access, reducing wait times, and lowering operational costs.
• Ergo — Ergo turns conversations into automatic follow-ups, CRM updates, coaching, and forecasting. Reps spend less time on admin work, deals stop slipping.
• Greenboard — Greenboard is the modern operating system for SEC and FINRA compliance.

Portfolio highlights

• Mason America, Inc. — Mason is the device innovation platform for product leaders who dare to deliver the next innovation in their field.
• Cara — Cara is a domain-specific AI platform purpose-built for insurance—a modular system that enables agencies, brokerages, and MGAs to automate servicing, accelerate sales, and scale operations with a 24/7 digital workforce.
• Triangle Health — Triangle Health is a software company that uses artificial intelligence to analyze medical documents.

Portfolio highlights

• Ambrook — Ambrook offers specialized accounting software for family-run farms, ranches, and agribusinesses. The platform includes bookkeeping, invoicing, bill payment, and analytics tools. Ambrook aims to help these businesses manage finances, track profitability, and prepare for the future.
• Meticulous — Meticulous auto-generates and auto-maintains visual frontend browser tests, providing a level of coverage that is unattainable with manually written tests.
• Netic — The AI revenue engine for essential service industries that keep America running.

Portfolio highlights

• Crafting — The safest validation layer for enterprise agents. Give agents and engineers secure, controlled access to real infrastructure, real data, and real dependencies. Multi-cloud, multi-region, and multi-agent by default.
• Warp — Warp is a payroll and compliance tool that makes it easy for founders to hire, onboard, and pay their employees.
• Meticulous — Meticulous auto-generates and auto-maintains visual frontend browser tests, providing a level of coverage that is unattainable with manually written tests.

Portfolio highlights

• NewLimit — NewLimit is extending human healthspan by unlocking regenerative potential.
• Antimetal — Making cloud savings automated, effortless, and risk-free. Start saving in 2 minutes, no code or engineering required.
• Creatify AI — Empower everyone's ad creation.

Portfolio highlights

• Generalist AI — At Generalist, we are on a mission to make general-purpose robots a reality.
• Quill Meetings — Quill captures every meeting insight, action item, and decision so your team can focus on what matters most.
• Blackstar Computers — Blackstar Computers is a forward-looking company dedicated to reshaping the computing experience by innovating across hardware design, operating systems, and human–computer interaction. It aims to create tightly integrated systems where performance, usability, and adaptability work seamlessly together, rethinking how users interact with technologythrough more intuitive interfaces, smarter software, and purpose-built devices that enhance productivity, creativity, and everyday digital experiences.

Portfolio highlights

• Key AI — Unlock new networking and career opportunities with Key, the leading AI-powered professional networking platform. Build and manage communities, host and join exclusive events, and create meaningful connections to supercharge your growth all in one place.
• Catena Labs — Catena is a product studio where we transform complex computing advancements into accessible, practical tools for users and developers. Leveraging AI and web3 technology our aim is to turn innovative ideas into real-world applications that are easy to use.
• Odyssey — Odyssey is an AI lab pioneering general world models: causal, multimodal systems that learn to understand and simulate the world.

Portfolio highlights

• Wabi — Create, discover, and remix any mini-app in minutes. The era of personal software is here.
• Warp — Warp is a payroll and compliance tool that makes it easy for founders to hire, onboard, and pay their employees.
• Raindrop — Monitor your AI Agent the right way. Get alerted when your agent fails in production, trace exactly what went wrong, and prove your fix worked.

Portfolio highlights

• Vybe — AI coworkers and custom apps that runs your operations.
• Sukha — An all-in-one focus app and distraction blocker for Mac, Windows and Chromebook: AI tasks, binaural music, website and phone blocking, Pomodoro timers.
• Pilot Protocol — Network OS for AI Agents

Portfolio highlights

• Pelgo — Pelgo is a startup that provides AI-powered career transition services. For employees coming out of layoffs, young grads just entering the job market, or full-time professionals trying to adjust to a developing AI-driven economy, its tools, along with human advisors, help onboarding, transition, and reskilling.
• howie — Howie is an AI calendar secretary for email, SMS, iMessage, Gmail, and Google Calendar. He books meetings, protects focus time, follows up, and handles reminders.
• Self Protocol — Self is spearheading a secure, human-first internet by allowing users to verify their identities while maintaining their privacy. Self Protocol is an identity and proof-of-humanity solution that uses zero-knowledge technology to confirm personhood and distinctive traits, like age and nationality, without revealing private information.

Portfolio highlights

• Barndoor AI — Barndoor AI offers a centralized governance layer to manage granular access, policy enforcement, and visibility across agentic AI workforce.
• Artemis — Powered by AI, Mona Lee is the fastest, most efficient way for homeowners to go solar. Through a direct-to-consumer approach, Mona Lee’s AI-powered self-serve platform transforms the solar buying experience by eliminating non-stop solicitation calls, lengthy design and evaluation processes, and back-and-forth price negotiations that can take up toweeks. With Mona Lee, customers go from quote to scheduling their installation in minutes. Feel free to visit our website to read customer testimonials and Mona Lee solar reviews.Mona Lee was founded by a group of serial entrepreneurs with decades of experience in clean energy. The company is headquartered in Boston, MA and is proud to serve homeowners nationwide.
• Together AI — Together will enable researchers, developers & companies to leverage and improve artificial intelligence with an intuitive data, models & computation platform.

Portfolio highlights

• Payam Music — Payam Music is where students fall in love with piano. Not only do they have fun but they win competitions. Endorsed by composer Hans Zimmer. Sign up for a trial in-person or online lesson!
• Kind Designs — Kind Designs is a trusted 3D Printed seawall contractor in Miami offering custom seawall construction, shoreline protection, erosion control solutions.
• The Athletics — The Athletics franchise is a professional spectator sports organization that operates a Major League Baseball club. The company manages athletic team rosters, player scouting, talent development, and medical staff for its baseball operations. It coordinates live event production, stadium technology, corporate sponsorships, and ticket saleslogistics for professional games. Additionally, the business oversees regional television, radio, and streaming broadcast infrastructure to distribute sports media content.

Portfolio highlights

• Espa — Espa is an AI-powered productivity assistant that helps you get things done.
• roomix — AI os for real estate
• 8090 Solutions — Enabling every enterprise to benefit from purpose-built, transformative, high quality software.

Portfolio highlights

• Skrap — Skrap is an on-demand mobile marketplace for skip hire and other waste collection services.
• Uncovr — Surgical video is the biggest dark data in medicine. We turn it into operative reports, billing codes, and clinical intelligence automatically
• Structured AI — Construction AI QA/QC software that automatically reviews drawing packages and catches errors, code issues, and coordination clashes before they reach the field.

Portfolio highlights

• SiPhox Health — Painless, 5-minute biomarker testing at home. Clear insights, trend tracking, and a personalized plan built around your results.
• BuildForever — BuildForever build products that feel personal, magical and deeply human.
• Perplexity — Perplexity is a search engine platform that uses artificial intelligence to provide large language models and search engines. The company's platform enables the development of beneficial artificial general intelligence, as well as an open-source environment that is accessible to the public, allowing clients to develop skills and knowledge inartificial intelligence.

Portfolio highlights

• Exowatt — Modular full-stack renewable energy solutions for commercial and industrial customers.
• Preventive — Preventive mission is to determine whether the newest generation of gene editing technologies can be used safely and responsibly to correct devastating genetic conditions for future children.
• Red Queen Bio — Red Queen Bio is an AI biosecurity company. Think of us as the cybersecurity layer for biology. AI is making it dramatically easier to design powerful new drugs and therapies, which is extraordinary news for medicine. But the same tools are also lowering the barrier for bad actors to engineer dangerous pathogens, and opening up an entirely new category of threats, including viruses designed to evade human immunity.Defense has to keep pace with offense.

Portfolio highlights

• ScienceIO — The data science company for healthcare
• Verifiable — A modern data engine to power healthcare credentialing, licensing, enrollment and provider network management. Built for the new demands of today's healthcare.
• Career Karma — Learn about bootcamps, ask questions and read reviews to find the best job training program for you. Connect with peers, coaches and mentors to accelerate your technology career.

Portfolio highlights

• Amca — Amca is building America's new industrial base.
• Terra Industries — Terra Industries develops autonomous security systems and software platforms that support the monitoring and protection of physical assets, infrastructure, and operational environments across land, air, and maritime domains. The company provides unmanned vehicles, autonomous towers, and sensor-based surveillance hardware that collect and transmitdata for continuous situational awareness. Its software layer, built around an integrated operating system, processes sensor inputs, applies artificial intelligence models, and coordinates automated responses to detected events. Terra Industries designs its systems to support functions such as perimeter security, infrastructure monitoring, asset tracking, and threat detection within complex operational settings. The company’s platforms enable operators to manage multiple autonomous devices through a unified interface that supports mission planning, data visualization, and system control. Its technology is used by organizations that require coordinated security, monitoring, and response capabilities for facilities, remote sites, and distributed operations.
• Thor Dynamics — Directed Energy Systems for Counter-Drone Defense

Portfolio highlights

• Actively — A seamless booking assistant for your favorite fitness classes & wellness experiences
• Datalinx AI — Datalinx AI is an agentic software application that prepares consumer data for AI models and applications quickly and securely.
• JetStream Security — Enterprise AI security requires governance. JetStream delivers visibility, agentic identity, runtime control, and FinOps accountability to scale AI safely.

Portfolio highlights

• Luel — Two-sided marketplace for on-demand video and audio training data. Connect AI teams with contributors to create high-quality datasets.
• Kopra Bio — Cancer immunotherapy that turns cancer cells into biofactories minting their own destruction.
• Discovered Materials — AI Agents that discover new materials to improve compute

Portfolio highlights

• tbh — tbh is a developer of a mobile application designed to provide anonymous feedback to friends. The company's mobile application facilitates asking or answering questions, open text fields and invite abuse when combined with anonymity, enabling users to say things without repercussions and feel better about themselves from the positive feedbackon social networks.
• Golden — Golden is a developer of a self-constructing knowledge database used to accelerate discovery and education. The company uses and leverages human effort by using machine intelligence to make the process of gathering and communicating knowledge simpler.It combines a powerful search across several entities with fine-grain alerts to stay on top ofchanges, and semi-automatic research assistance for gaps in knowledge that enable people in organizations to stay current, understand and leverage the latest trends in their industry.
• Crossing — Crossing Media is a live broadcast e-commerce service company that builds awareness, engagement, and sales through live-stream shopping.

Portfolio highlights

• Dexla — Build B2B apps quickly with an AI-powered front-end software engineer. Type in what your company does and watch Buck build your app for you.
• Contraline — Contraline is a medical device company that has developed a proprietary injectable hydrogel platform for use in reproductive and contraceptive applications. Contraline's first product, Adam, is implanted into the vas deferens through a minimally invasive, outpatient procedure and once implanted, the gel effectively blocks sperm. Adam isnon-hormonal, designed to last years, and easily reversible.
• howie — Howie is an AI calendar secretary for email, SMS, iMessage, Gmail, and Google Calendar. He books meetings, protects focus time, follows up, and handles reminders.

Portfolio highlights

• Ambrook — Ambrook offers specialized accounting software for family-run farms, ranches, and agribusinesses. The platform includes bookkeeping, invoicing, bill payment, and analytics tools. Ambrook aims to help these businesses manage finances, track profitability, and prepare for the future.
• Netic — The AI revenue engine for essential service industries that keep America running.
• Senra Systems — Senra Systems operates in the manufacturing industry, focusing on software configuration to improve manufacturing processes. The company works to transform skilled assembly tasks into production lines, enhancing production efficiency. It also has involvement in the Aerospace and Defense industry. It collects anonymous data through Google Analyticsto analyze user behavior and use the insights to improve its services.

Portfolio highlights

• Vorflux — Cloud agents that ship production code. An opinionated harness that runs the full SDLC on dedicated machines.
• BizScout — BizScout is an online platform of Off market deals for verified buyers and sellers.
• Warp — Warp is a payroll and compliance tool that makes it easy for founders to hire, onboard, and pay their employees.

Portfolio highlights

• Goodfire — Using interpretability to understand, learn from, and design AI.
• Kela Technologies — Kela Technologies is a secure, open platform that enables the rapid and seamless integration of commercial and military systems in support of Western defense.
• Entrepreneurs First — We turn exceptional individuals into funded founders. We back you first, then give you a bridge to Silicon Valley.

Portfolio highlights

• Rent App — Rent App provides a digital platform designed to streamline rental payments and tenant management processes. The company enables tenants to make bank transfers directly to landlords without transaction fees or payment limits, with options for automated recurring payments. Rent App also offers tools for online rental applications, tenant screeningreports, and fraud prevention measures.
• Candor — Candor utilizes artificial intelligence to assist startups in the defense, energy, and biotech sectors in securing substantial U.S. government funding, offering a software platform that automates proposal drafting and ensures adherence to all requirements.
• Cuby Technologies, Inc. — Cuby is a full-stack technology company that develops scalable hardware and software systems for process improvement and automation in new home construction (and beyond it).

Portfolio highlights

• Vybe — AI coworkers and custom apps that runs your operations.
• Double — AI-powered, ledger-integrated close management for accounting firms and teams. Automate manual work, gain real-time visibility, and close the books faster.
• Multifactor — We're redefining "zero-trust" for the agentic era.

Portfolio highlights

• Elorian — Elorian specializes in creating AI models that can handle a variety of data kinds simultaneously.
• Mendral — Platform Engineering on Autopilot. Diagnoses CI failures, fixes flaky tests, speeds builds, and opens PRs. YC W26. Built by @sam_alba and @aluzzardi
• Naive — Naïve provides infrastructure for AI agents and applications, including compute, databases, identity, payments, communications, model routing, and tool integrations. Its platform enables users to deploy AI agents, build and host applications, automate business operations, and manage agent permissions, spending, credentials, and workflows through aunified infrastructure layer.

Portfolio highlights

• Netomi — Netomi is the leading Agentic AI platform for enterprise CX. Trusted by Fortune 500s to automate complex workflows with secure, goal-driven AI agents. Learn more.
• Lambda — GPU Workstations, GPU Servers, GPU Laptops, and GPU Cloud for Deep Learning & AI. RTX 3090, RTX 3080, RTX A4000, RTX A5000, RTX A6000, and A100 Options. Ubuntu, TensorFlow, and PyTorch Pre-Installed.
• Braintrust — Ship quality agents at scale. Braintrust is the AI observability platform for tracing production, running evals, and catching regressions before they reach users.

Portfolio highlights

• Vybe — AI coworkers and custom apps that runs your operations.
• Guide Labs — We are building a new class of interpretable AI systems and foundation models that humans can reliably debug, trust, and understand.
• Central — We kill back-office work for startups: payroll, benefits, state compliance & more. Acquired by @mercury

Portfolio highlights

• Predibase — Unleash AI with confidence on the first enterprise platform to monitor, govern, and rewind every agent action.
• TrueFoundry — TrueFoundry is an Enterprise Platform as a service that enables companies to build, ship and govern Agentic AI applications securely, at scale and with reliability through its AI Gateway and Agentic Deployment platform. Its AI Gateway encompasses a combination of - LLM Gateway, MCP Gateway and Agent Gateway - enabling enterprises to manage,observe, and govern access to all components of a Gen AI Application from a single control plane while ensuring proper FinOps controls. Its Agentic Deployment platform enables organizations to deploy models on GPUs using best practices, run and scale AI agents, and host MCP servers - all within the same Kubernetes-native platform. It supports on-premise, multi-cloud or Hybrid installation for both the AI Gateway and deployment environments, offers data residency and ensures enterprise-grade compliance with SOC 2, HIPAA, EU AI Act and ITAR standards. Leading Fortune 1000 companies like Resmed, Siemens Healthineers, Automation Anywhere, Zscaler, Nvidia and others trust TrueFoundry to accelerate innovation and deliver AI at scale, with 10Bn + requests per month processed via its AI Gateway and more than 1000+ clusters managed by its Agentic deployment platform. TrueFoundry’s vision is to become the Central control plane for running Agentic AI at scale within enterprises and empowering it with intelligence so that the multi-agent systems become a self-sustaining ecosystem driving unparalleled speed and innovation for businesses. To learn more about TrueFoundry, visit truefoundry.com.
• Galileo (Acq by Cisco) — Galileo's AI observability and evaluation platform empowers AI teams to evaluate, monitor, and protect GenAI applications and agents at enterprise scale.

Portfolio highlights

• micro1 — We help companies hire and manage the best software engineers easily.
• TRIVER — Triver develops online and digital tools to assist and support various financial services. It is based in London, England.
• Skedway — The optimization hub for the Modern Enterprise - Visualize, integrate and manage every shared company asset in one place.

Portfolio highlights

• Enki — Enki is the most effective way to learn Looker, Tableau, SQL, Excel, and other data skills. Training fully customized by role and team. Use data in the highest impact way for your role.
• CalypsoAI — CalypsoAI combines industry-leading AI testing and human-in-the-loop decision making to give you the confidence you need to push AI projects into production.
• Sincera — Sincera provides novel signal data to the most innovative companies in advertising technology.

Portfolio highlights

• Arena — Moved to @arena
• Squad — A hiring marketplace powered by expert referrals. Fill your hardest roles, faster.
• AdZen — Shared Vision is at the forefront of online commerce technology, providing creators with a cutting-edge platform to optimize and automate affiliate revenue streams. Its SaaS solution features a centralized management platform for creators, enabling them to easily manage their affiliate links and maximize their revenue potential. Meanwhile, itsunique consumer-based shopping cart experience drives increased sales and generates revenue for creators, brands, and itself.

Portfolio highlights

• Stedi — Stedi is the only programmable healthcare clearinghouse. We offer modern, AI-ready APIs for eligibility checks, claims, transaction enrollment, and more.
• ChampAI — AI-powered automation for complex enterprise processes. Automate support tickets, workflows, and operations with intelligent AI agents.
• Viktor — Viktor is the AI employee that lives in Slack and Microsoft Teams, connects to 3,200+ tools, and does the work. Reports, dashboards, code, campaigns. Start free.

Portfolio highlights

• Wander — Never book a bad vacation home again. Every Wander comes with hotel-grade amenities, inspiring views, pristine cleaning and 24/7 concierge service.
• Pilgrim — Pioneering a biologically enhanced future for humanity.
• Swish Robotics — Embodied Intelligence for the Home

Portfolio highlights

• Interfere — The self-healing layer of the internet
• The Clearing Company — A new kind of prediction market.
• The Sentience Company — Sentience is humanity's first platform for uploaded consciousness. Our mission is to create AI that emulates and scales real human minds.

Portfolio highlights

• Athelas — Our breakthrough technologies provide clarity on a patient's most important health metrics, all while increasing revenue for your practice.
• Apprente — Intelligent voice-based conversational agents for the enterprise.
• Deep Infra — Deep Infra offers cost-effective, scalable, easy-to-deploy, and production-ready machine-learning models and infrastructures for deep-learning models.

Portfolio highlights

• Emailage — Emailage is a developer of fraud prevention and identity verification technology used to make transactions easier and secure. The company provides multi-faceted predictive solutions with email at the core through key partnerships, proprietary data, and advanced machine-learning technology. It proprietary algorithms in order to provide real-timealerts of risky transactions and delivers a risk score and enable companies to realize significant savings from identifying and stopping fraudulent transactions and improve customer experience.
• Ceevra — Ceevra is an advanced 3D visualization technology for surgeons. Using AI and other innovative computing techniques, Ceevra generates brilliant 3D digital models from standard CT scans and MRIs. Surgeons use the Ceevra 3D models to help educate and counsel patients, to decide on the best surgical approach, and to gain important insights whileoperating.
• TigerGraph — TigerGraph is the leading AI-powered graph database. Uncover hidden relationships, run real-time analytics at scale, and power fraud detection, customer 360, and AI

Portfolio highlights

• Etched.ai — Transformers etched into silicon. By burning the transformer architecture into our chips, we're creating the world's most powerful servers for transformer inference.
• Warp — Warp is a payroll and compliance tool that makes it easy for founders to hire, onboard, and pay their employees.
• Stoke Space — STOKE Space Technologies seamlessly connecting earth and space.

Portfolio highlights

• Modus — Modus Audit is a technology-driven platform revolutionizing the industry by developing AI-powered tools and acquiring CPA firms to deliver audits in a fraction of the traditional time. By integrating intelligent workflows with specialized IT and security services, the company empowers accounting firms to achieve unprecedented efficiency andsecurity.
• Monaco — Monaco functions as a unified system of record, building total addressable market data, running outbound campaigns, capturing interactions, and managing pipeline activity within a single environment. It includes account databases, intent and signal tracking, sequencing tools, pipeline management, and call recording to support demand generationthrough conversion. Monaco automates account discovery, enrichment, and scoring to keep target markets current. Its onboarding process establishes TAM, configures sequences, overlays signals, and imports existing pipeline data from day one.
• Odyssey — Odyssey operates as an AI start-up, provides hollywood-grade visual AI.