Top 50 Blockchain VC Funds & Investors in Canada (September 2026)

Portfolio highlights

• Yellow Card — Yellow Card is a licensed stablecoin payments infrastructure provider powering global money movement across USD and 50+ local currencies. Talk to us.
• Blueprint Finance — Blueprint Finance develops protocols and infrastructure to advance on-chain financing.
• M0 —

Portfolio highlights

• Kapkap — Kapkap is a web3 platform that uses AI for attention based value distribution in gaming.
• SuperIntent — SuperIntent is a cryptocurrency AI app that streamlines on-chain earning tactics. Developed on a multi-agent framework with abundant yield sources.
• Inference Labs — AI hyperscale on decentralized networks - We provide certainty for on-chain AI

Portfolio highlights

• EDGE Markets — The Financial Platform for Smart Bettors
• Flying Tulip — Better Yield, Better UX
• LI.FI — Advanced Bridge & DEX Aggregation - Drive multichain strategies with cross-chain data messaging and get users from everywhere.

Portfolio highlights

• Solana — Solana is the high performance network powering internet capital markets, payments, and crypto applications. Fast. Decentralized. Scalable. Energy efficient. Solana can power thousands of transactions per second.
• Flying Tulip — Better Yield, Better UX
• Hypernova — The onchain prop firm, built to back traders.

Portfolio highlights

• Brix — Tokenized emerging markets yield. Trade the Macro.
• Shodai Network — The agreement layer for human and AI agents | UI + API + MCP
• Ethereum Institutional — Accelerating institutional adoption of Ethereum

Portfolio highlights

• Axis — Turning market inefficiencies into tokenized alpha. Backed by @galaxyhq, @FalconXGlobal, @okx.
• Zoo Finance — Zoo Finance is a pioneering DeFi protocol focused on unlocking liquidity from locked assets, empowering users to access capital more efficiently while maximizing the utility of their on-chain holdings.
• Hypernova — The onchain prop firm, built to back traders.

Portfolio highlights

• Kapkap — Kapkap is a web3 platform that uses AI for attention based value distribution in gaming.
• Almanak — Almanak is a decentralized finance (DeFi) smart agent platform that harnesses the power of artificial intelligence to automate, optimize, and intelligently manage a wide range of DeFi investment strategies. It enables users to create and deploy automated DeFi trading and risk-management strategies through coordinated AI agents. It provides anenvironment where AI handles strategy coding, backtesting across thousands of Monte Carlo simulations, optimization, risk monitoring, deployment via non-custodial Safe-based multisig accounts, and real-time performance monitoring with alerting capabilities. The platform supports seamless interaction with multiple blockchains and protocols via an LLM-powered interface.Almanak targets active DeFi participants, developers building financial applications, investment professionals, and users seeking automated portfolio insights. It emphasizes enhanced automation, continuous strategy execution, and adaptive automation driven by emerging AI techniques to respond to evolving market conditions.
• Open Campus — The Open Campus is a community-driven protocol that leverages the power of blockchain and invites all to build the future of education by putting the power of learning back in the hands of educators, students, and the community.

Portfolio highlights

• Space — Space is a cloud filesystem that appears in Finder as a regular drive. Open and save files with the apps that are used in regular basis while Space keeps them in the cloud and up to date across the Macs. So that one can work with terabytes of files without filling the computer or carrying external drives.
• Terminal — Easily add 30+ telematics integrations to your application with a single API. Connect your application to the services you need, without worrying about the underlying details
• Powered by People — Powered by People is a values-driven wholesale platform featuring handmade, ethical products from makers in over 40 countries. Sign up now for pre-approved credit and net 60 terms at poweredbypeople.com

Portfolio highlights

• Kontigo — We help underbanked gig workers in Latam build credit and access group financing where small groups of family or friends lend and save money together. Users can validate their income from multiple sources such as gig apps, catalog sales, and open finance (Uber, Rappi, Didi, Indriver, Avon, and all major banks). After verifying the income wedirectly offer them group savings and group loans, without leaving WhatsApp, their primary messaging app.
• Subzero Labs — Subzero Labs is developing Rialo, a developer-first Layer 1 blockchain built for internet-scale decentralized applications.
• Ceramic Network — We've joined @textileio to build the first open intelligence network for AI agents. Follow us there.

Portfolio highlights

• Flying Tulip — Better Yield, Better UX
• Fly Media — AI-native IPs at infinite scale. If Disney were created today, it would look more like Fly Media.
• Superstate — Superstate is modernizing investing through tokenized financial products

Portfolio highlights

• Wixpool — Wixpool is a liquidity mining mechanism that is based on the Wixpool Rate Stabiliser (WRS) algorithm. Wixpool, led by WRS, allows anybody to invest in high-yield liquidity pools with a steady interest rate by pooling the assets of private users into an automated ecosystem.
• Elixir — Powering deUSD, a yield bearing and fully collateralized decentralized dollar on the Elixir Network, bringing institutional-grade liquidity to RWAs.
• Frontrunner — Alexistogel atau di kenal sebagai alexistoto adalah salah satu situs slot yang sudah terpercaya dengan banyaknya yang ingin maxwin hari ini

Portfolio highlights

• 3Commas — 3Commas develops a crypto-asset management tool for tracking investments and exchanges in a unified platform. It provides access to a unified dashboard as the central hub for trading and portfolio management execution.
• Fuel Labs — At Fuel, we are building the fastest execution layer for the modular blockchain stack.
• Optim Finance — Optim Finance provides investment tools that optimize yield on digital assets. Their financial primitives enable users to rent ADA delegation rights to power novel use cases such as SPO loans, leverage into ISOs, and initial bonds.

Portfolio highlights

• Yellow — Yellow is a financial services provider of software, analytics, and investments in blockchain startups.
• KIP Protocol — KIP Protocol is a decentralised AI framework unlocking digital property rights of Knowledge Assets in the AI-powered future.
• Alliance Games — Build Beyond Limits. Multiplayer for the Next, Decentralized Era.

Portfolio highlights

• A-World — Welcome to Animal World, a battle game based on #BNBCHAIN's super metaverse card tower defense. By setting up a hero tower to destroy monsters.
• NeuronX — The First AI-Driven Lending Protocol on @dfinity
• Vue Protocol — Community-First Layer for AI Memecoins. @solana @pumpdotfun @ton_blockchain Dvo1Fb7FxtUxsLbcQaizftfUT9HtL9P6swaQAScZDeQQ

Portfolio highlights

• Redpill AI — Access 200+ AI models with privacy-first infrastructure. Private models in GPU TEE, OpenAI-compatible API, zero data retention.
• Yellow — Yellow is a financial services provider of software, analytics, and investments in blockchain startups.
• Konnex World — Building the GDP of autonomous systems. Turning robot labor into on-chain liquidity. $KNX

Portfolio highlights

• Picogrid — Picogrid builds a unified platform for autonomous systems. Connect, command, and monitor sensors and autonomous systems at global scale.
• Ellis — Ellis connects and reconciles portfolio, fund, and investor data across the systems you already use. Every number traceable. Run every fund from one trusted view.
• 10x Science — AI-native software to unlock drug development.

Portfolio highlights

• Tazapay — Experience Tazapay's best-in-class global payment solutions for businesses. Our extensive network supports cards, local payment options, and bank transfers in over 173 countries, ensuring seamless collections, secure holding, and efficient payouts worldwide.
• DePay — DePay is an Argentina-based real-time payments infrastructure startup.
• City Protocol — City Protocol offers growth incentives and creative tools driven by AI. A portable reputation is created via City ID.

Portfolio highlights

• Tenor Labs — Tenor helps people borrow and lend money at a fixed rate without needing permission.
• Bundle — Bundle is the first networked rewards platform in the world, revolutionizing how companies interact with and reward their clients.Bundle provides companies with access to significantly more incentives than they could provide on their own by pooling brand incentive funds into common reward pools. Even though they only contribute a small portion ofthe total incentive value, brands can increase conversions.
• Cordant — A single operational picture across every system money moves through. Your team acts on what's happening, not what already happened.

Portfolio highlights

• tbh — tbh is a developer of a mobile application designed to provide anonymous feedback to friends. The company's mobile application facilitates asking or answering questions, open text fields and invite abuse when combined with anonymity, enabling users to say things without repercussions and feel better about themselves from the positive feedbackon social networks.
• Vidrovr — Vidrovr develops multimodal computer vision and machine learning systems to index, tag, and understand video. It processes videos with specific domain constraints, such as in sports, government, and media verticals. Its technology enables its users to search an indexed video corpus and retrieve content inside videos and link it to other media likephotos and text.The company Integrates social media to enable direct interactions between multimedia content. Vidrovr was founded in 2016 and is headquartered in New York.
• Experio AI — Turn contracts, proposals, and expertise into instant searchable intelligence. Win more, ramp faster, never lose knowledge. Enterprise AI for services.

Portfolio highlights

• Mowito — Fully automated pick'n'drop for groccery stores
• Pilot Protocol — Network OS for AI Agents
• Arctus Aerospace — We build unmanned airplanes for zero infrastructure earth observation. We fly at 45,000 feet for 24 hours at a go.

Portfolio highlights

• LNT — LNT provides a Bitcoin Taproot-based token system that allows basic asset creation and transfers with limited available details.
• ChimpX AI — ChimpX AI is an AI-powered decentralized finance (DeFi) superapp designed to simplify crypto trading, cross-chain asset management, and blockchain interactions through natural language commands. The platform focuses on making complex DeFi operations accessible to everyday users by combining artificial intelligence, automation, and gaslesstransactions into a single interface.
• ZENi — ZENi is a data intelligence engine that powers autonomous AI agents. The platform transforms real-time on-chain and off-chain signals into actionable insights, enabling agents to make decisions, automate workflows, and execute tasks with high precision. Built as a decentralized data intelligence layer, ZENi supports Web3, fintech, e-commerce ,gaming and enterprise applications that require scalable, intelligent agent operations.

Portfolio highlights

• Akave Cloud — The Al-Ready Sovereign Cloud | Own your data. Control your costs. A modern S3-Compatible object storage.
• Hemispheric — Hemispheric develops fundamental AI technologies aimed at deciphering brain activity for innovative applications.
• Synchron — The endovascular brain computer interface.

Portfolio highlights

• Fence — At Fence, we're transforming the way debt facilities are managed. We are the Operating System for your debt facility, reducing the amount of resources spent in back-office operations and letting teams focus on what matters.Our platform, built on blockchain technology, offers a Software as a Service (SaaS) solution that simplifies andautomate debt facility operations. Whether you're a capital provider or an asset originator, Fence leads you toward a smarter financial future.For capital providers, our platform enables internet-native debt solutions and real-time portfolio insights, enhancing your credit investment monitoring. With Fence, you stay ahead, making informed decisions for success. Asset originators benefit from enhanced capital efficiency and reduced operational costs, thanks to Fence's automation. We seamlessly integrate debt facilities into your tech stack and provide on-demand programmable debt, giving you unprecedented control over the capital you borrow.
• TBD — TBD is a forecasting market system that analyzes individual attitudes through integrating verifiable online polls.
• BLOCKWORKS INC. — Blockworks is a financial media brand that delivers breaking news and premium insights about digital assets to millions of investors. Our editorial content, newsletters, podcasts and events provide investors with the critical analysis and information they need to make smarter decisions about digital assets.

Portfolio highlights

• t1 (aka t1 protocol) — Undercollateralized credit for DeFi. Powering @useamplifi and @juicedexchange. Backed by @a16z CSX.
• Webb Protocol — Welcome to Webb, an ecosystem of infrastructures and applications designed to extend privacy to the blockchain space. We are committed to a future where privacy is accessible for all in the multi-chain world.
• Genesis Shards — Crafting a whole new suite of NFT powered products across multiple blockchains

Portfolio highlights

• Redpill AI — Access 200+ AI models with privacy-first infrastructure. Private models in GPU TEE, OpenAI-compatible API, zero data retention.
• Rivet.cloud (Formerly OpenRelay) —
• Karmine Corp — Karmine Corp is an esports organization that offers merchandise and competes in games like league of legends, trackmania, and others.

Portfolio highlights

• MNX — Trade Anthropic, memory stocks, and H100 prices with leverage on the first AI-focused decentralized futures exchange.
• Squid — Buy, swap, and bridge crypto across 100+ chains and 20k tokens. Fast, cheap, reliable. Used by 1M+ users and 1K+ integrators.
• Venice — Private & Unrestricted AI | https://t.co/iIt1pyF1TK

Portfolio highlights

• Levl — Levl's infrastructure makes stablecoin-powered payments accessible, compliant, and operationally seamless. Supporting USD, EUR, GBP Named Accounts and liqudity into emerging markets.
• Veera — Veera is an internet browser that gives you rewards every time you browse.
• OpenTrade — OpenTrade providers web3 treasurers, institutions, and accredited investors access to on-chain structured financial products backed by investment grade RWAs.

Portfolio highlights

• Collector —
• Watch.fun —
• Solana Company —

Portfolio highlights

• Rilla — Demonstrating 90% reduction in cost-to-serve for live-streaming, Rilla is rewiring the content economy, directing the value generated back to creators and their communities.By leveraging audience bandwidth and rewarding them with ownership in the network, the savings are equivalent to a free month subscription every year for a moderate level ofviewership.Founded by the technical founders behind Altered State Machine, acquired for 214m. Together for 5+ ventures, collectively raising 130m+ and valued at 1b+.
• Osmo — Osmo is a payment company that helps people to send and receive money immediately.
• Uniblock — Uniblock helps connect developers with Web3 using our APIs and services. Our developers use Uniblock because of how easy it is to integrate into exciting applications. Try it for free today!

Portfolio highlights

• Thytadel — Infrastructure for governing the supply and utilisation of physical assets
• KOKODI — A third-person fantasy extraction shooter inspired by Asian culture.
• Sats Terminal — Borrow USDC against BTC at the best available rate in minutes Backed by @yzilabs, @cbventures, @drapervc and more

Portfolio highlights

• Proof — Make Government Decisions, Better.
• Ranger AI — Discover how Ranger RFX simplifies proposals with innovative tools designed for manufacturers. Improve accuracy, reduce downtime, and achieve cost savings today.
• Nord Quantique — Nord Quantique creates quantum processors based on second-generation technology.

Portfolio highlights

• Solana — Solana is the high performance network powering internet capital markets, payments, and crypto applications. Fast. Decentralized. Scalable. Energy efficient. Solana can power thousands of transactions per second.
• Saturn — Onchain Structured Digital Credit | Disciples of @Saylor | Incubated by @YZiLabs | Backed by @AD_VenturesX @SoraVentures @TheSpartanGroup
• THEA-AI — AI that amplifies human performance

Portfolio highlights

• Balance — Confidently build your digital asset business with Balance's insured institutional grade custody and wallet management.
• Nodesmith, Inc. — Access and build your Web3 project on blockchain networks like Ethereum, Aion, IPFS, Cosmos Hub and others easily with Nodesmith
• Aion — The Digital Asset of The Open Application Network.

Portfolio highlights

• ME Group — MetaEra is a one-stop resource aggregator for Web3.0. Meta Era focuses on blockchain and metaverse exploration, pursuing professional, thorough, and reliable information and data.
• Canopy Network — AI creates apps. Canopy creates owners. Build and launch in days. Backed by @Arrington_Cap, @Fenbushi, @Borderless_Cap, @SNZHolding, @CodecraftGroup and more.
• Chronicle Labs — Chronicle Protocol brings data onchain via decentralized, cost-efficient, verifiable oracles, powering DeFi and RWAs with DeFi and Proof of Asset Oracles.

Portfolio highlights

• Edsby — Edsby develops high performance cloud-based software that blends social networking with class and student management. Edsby was founded in April 2010 by the original founders and architects of the FirstClass email and groupware product used widely in education. The Edsby K-12 digital learning platform offers K-12 school districts, regionalgovernments and private schools an array of online social learning tools–including gradebooks, attendance trackers, parent-teacher communication features, content management and social classroom interaction–connected to their existing systems of record. Powerful data consolidation and analytics capabilities are also unique features of the underlying technology.
• Figment — Figment: Staking, middleware, and application layer solutions for investors and developers investing in and building on Web 3 technology.
• MIMOSA Diagnostics — MIMOSA Diagnostics is the maker of the MIMOSA Pro, a handheld device that uses near-infrared light to accurately and non-invasively assess tissue health. It can be easily used by a patient or a caregiver, and the images produced will help inform the next steps within patient navigation and management

Portfolio highlights

• Hybrid — Hybrid is a fintech company that offers a decentralized central AI tool with Web3's ecosystem of AI experts, agents, and data.
• Bitlight Labs — Make Bitcoin Smart
• Pheasant Network — AI-Powered DeFi Super App for Cross-chain Intent.

Portfolio highlights

• HUNTY — HUNTY is a platform that help people find jobs by connecting them with world class mentors who prepare them for the job search process. And people only pay when they get hired.
• Lastro — Lastro is building Lais, an autonomous AI worker for real estate agencies, starting in Brazil. Our AI agent initially automated lead engagement and qualification via WhatsApp, helping brokerages boost revenue and improve marketing ROI. In each brokerage, Lais acts as a personalized AI “team member” that engages with leads instantly, searches forproperties and answers common inquiries. Brokerages that have Lais in their teams are growing quickly and reporting up to 60% increases in lead conversion rates.
• Wash Wise — Meet Reset Spray: the dry shampoo for clothes. Refresh lightly worn garments in seconds by neutralizing odors, lifting away sweat and body oils, and releasing wrinkles between washes.

Portfolio highlights

• TurboFlow — Trading, made simple. Everyone gets a seat at TurboFlow.
• DePay — DePay is an Argentina-based real-time payments infrastructure startup.
• Ceramic Network — We've joined @textileio to build the first open intelligence network for AI agents. Follow us there.

Portfolio highlights

• Cubist — Cubist brings modern software engineering practices and first-class security to web3 builders. Cubist’s toolkit makes it safe and easy to build, test and deploy multi-chain and cross-chain dapps in automated pipelines that handle keys and sequencing.
• Panoptic — The Panoptic protocol enables the minting, trading, and market-making of perpetual put and call options.
• Teahouse Finance — Powered by cutting-edge smart contracts

Portfolio highlights

• EdgeX Labs — EdgeX Labs is an innovative edge computing firm dedicated to offering robust and secure edge computing power as well as a development platform for various AI projects and AI agents. Our primary goal is to build a decentralized intelligent infrastructure network that encourages the general use and innovative development of AI technology.
• SuperGaming — At SuperGaming, we are putting India on the global gaming map.
• Onocoy Association — onocoy delivers affordable, real-time RTK GNSS corrections via a global, community-powered network of reference stations in 180+ countries.

Portfolio highlights

• Vidrovr — Vidrovr develops multimodal computer vision and machine learning systems to index, tag, and understand video. It processes videos with specific domain constraints, such as in sports, government, and media verticals. Its technology enables its users to search an indexed video corpus and retrieve content inside videos and link it to other media likephotos and text.The company Integrates social media to enable direct interactions between multimedia content. Vidrovr was founded in 2016 and is headquartered in New York.
• Arcee.ai — Learn how Arcee helps you build your own LLMs in your own cloud.
• Function Health — Test your whole body and own your health. Function, co-founded by Dr. Mark Hyman, is a lifelong routine of 100+ lab tests for the whole body including thyroid, hormones, fertility, autoimmunity, heart, kidney, liver and more. Lab results direct to you with insights from top doctors.

Portfolio highlights

• Nesto — LOW FROM THE GET GO. With nesto's exclusive mortgage solution, score the lowest rate on your first try! New mortgage - Mortgage Renewal / Refinance.
• Coral — Coral is a virtual care clinic that provides evidence-based, personalized support for perimenopause and menopause, weight loss and longevity.
• JetScale AI — JetScale AI is a Montreal-based startup specializing in AI-driven cloud infrastructure optimization. It uses agentic AI to detect inefficiencies, provide remediation plans, and generate compliant Infrastructure-as-Code for cost savings and sustainability.

Portfolio highlights

• Range — The financial control layer for companies operating across stablecoins, crypto and fiat rails.
• THEA-AI — AI that amplifies human performance
• Adjacent Markets — Event indexing and @AdjacentNews

Portfolio highlights

• VIP3 — VIP3 is the FIRST all-in-one web3 benefits and membership platform, providing users with rewards and discounts.
• Playbux — At Playbux, we believe that the Metaverse is more than just another world; it is indeed a way for us to connect other platforms into our world.
• AlterVerse — Discover AlterVerse, an immersive free-to-play game coming to the Epic Store. Explore endless possibilities in our boundless sandbox environment where survival skills are key. Join the adventure today!

Portfolio highlights

• Legion — Early access to the best ICOs and pre-token sales. Invest on day zero.
• Lava Network — Lava Network aims to be a marketplace for blockchain data.
• PathPulse.AI — PathPulse.ai sits at the crossroads of big data, AI, and mobility. It is like the brains of a smarter world city, constantly processing streams of information to create urban environments that are not only more efficient but also cost-effective, safer, and easier to navigate.

Portfolio highlights

• RedotPay — RedotPay is a leading crypto fintech bridging Web3 and traditional finance through innovative, cost-efficient blockchain solutions. Our intuitive crypto payment products enable millions of users globally to easily spend and send digital assets. We foster financial inclusion for the unbanked and serve crypto enthusiasts, advancing global adoption offast, accessible crypto payments.
• EigenLabs — Eigen Labs is an engineering and research organization that contributes to protocols like EigenLayer and EigenDA
• Fabric Cryptography — Fabric develops a custom cryptography hardware to accelerate cryptography algorithms. The chips, whose components exclusively serve cryptographic purposes, are based on Verifiable Processing Units (VPUs) which incorporate features of GPUs and ASICs to improve the speed and cost of advanced cryptographic workloads.

Portfolio highlights

• Aiode — Aiode is a music tech startup backed by Abbey Road Redd, pioneering the first ecosystem of virtual musicians powered by proprietary AI architecture.Aiode partners with real musicians to create highly detailed virtual representations of their unique performance styles and instrumental techniques. These virtual artists can then be seamlesslyintegrated into digital production environments, enabling music-makers to collaborate with them as they would with real musicians — all built on ethically sourced data and legally compliant AI models.
• CorrActions — CorrActions' driver analyser connects to any in-cabin motion sensor such as the steering wheel, a smart watch, a smart phone etc. The driver analyser asseses the drivers' cognitive state in real time.
• Decart — Decart is an AI platform significantly improves the training and inference of large generative models.

Portfolio highlights

• XFuel — XFuel is a fuel company that provides green and clean fuels to distributors and consumers. The company was founded in 2010 and is based in Palma de Mallorca, Baleares.
• Digitt — Digitt creates equitable financial tools to combat predatory lending. Digitt's mission is to eliminate the predatory interest rates that banks charge on credit cards. Digitt offers low-interest rates ranging from 20% to 42% per year, allowing customers to pay less interest and pay off their debt faster. Customers using Digitt will know exactlyhow much they must pay each month and when they will be debt-free.
• Snappr — Snappr is the one-stop-shop for visual content creation, including the largest on-demand photography and photo editing marketplace. Snappr Shoots is a self-service application to book photographers. Snappr Workflows is a SaaS product for enterprises to automate their visual content pipeliness. Snappr also provides free tools such as the SnapprPhoto Analyzer, an AI portrait photo-analysis tool. Snappr was founded in 2017 and is headquartered in San Francisco, California.

Portfolio highlights

• Ranger AI — Discover how Ranger RFX simplifies proposals with innovative tools designed for manufacturers. Improve accuracy, reduce downtime, and achieve cost savings today.
• Katalyze AI — Katalyze builds agentic infrastructure for global pharma, so that more medication reaches more patients, faster.
• Vali Health — Vali Health delivers AI-driven software that automates core workflows for home care agencies, including scheduling, hiring, compliance tracking, and routine communication. The platform functions as a virtual assistant that operates around the clock, coordinating shifts, sending reminders, and handling common administrative tasks through digitalchannels. Vali Health focuses on reducing manual workload for office staff while improving responsiveness to caregivers and clients. The system supports caregiver retention by sending personalized messages such as birthday greetings, shift follow-ups, and check-ins that acknowledge individual contributions. Integrations with existing home care management tools aim to keep client information, caregiver availability, and documentation aligned. Analytics features help agency leaders monitor staffing patterns, engagement levels, and operational bottlenecks so that adjustments can be made in real time. By embedding automation into everyday processes, Vali Health encourages more consistent communication and smoother coordination of in-home services.

Portfolio highlights

• Mecka AI — Mecka is the data and deployment layer for Physical AI.
• Spearbit — Spearbit connects independent security experts to Web3 projects that need them.The company offers a range of services, including expert-conducted security reviews and ongoing security reviews through retainer agreements. These services provide clients with an operational layer, freeing them from time-consuming administrative tasks and clientsourcing and due diligence.
• TVL Capital — TVL Capital is a financial infrastructure firm specialising in Chain Traded Products (CTPs).