Top 50 Mobile Apps Startup Investors in Malaysia (September 2026)

Portfolio highlights

• Lokein — Lokein is a Malaysia secure marketplace - Buy and sell preloved, vintage, second hand and bundle items.
• WHIP Mobility — Disruptive SAAS platform in automotive retail
• Igotopia Sdn Bhd — Gecko Digital is a Digital Marketing & Virtual Tours agency. We are the biggest provider of Hotel Virtual Tours and 360 VR in Asia.

Portfolio highlights

• Qanary — Qanary is a digital second-opinion platform designed to help radiologists detect cancer at its earliest, most treatable stages.
• Cypien AI — Cypien learns your brand and visitor behavior, then composes segment-specific content, visuals, product order, search, landing pages, and UI.
• MyAlice — The modern customer service and social selling platform. Support anytime and sell anywhere with all your messages, orders, and agents in one place.

Portfolio highlights

• Torum — Convert your crypto to Ringgit and spend it at any DuitNow QR-enabled merchant with ease.

Portfolio highlights

• Torum — Convert your crypto to Ringgit and spend it at any DuitNow QR-enabled merchant with ease.
• Coldblock — Coldblock delivers short-wave infrared sample digestion technology to prepare samples for analysis, accuracy, and safety. They offer services that include mining assays, environmental testing, food testing, metal assays, laboratory technology, and sample digestion.
• fraction/al — Fan Ownership Platform that empower fans to own a piece of their favorite sports team.

Portfolio highlights

• Helio AI — Automated AI-powered recruiting platform with ATS and gamified personality test. Reduce daily workload by 60% and hire top talents in a few clicks.
• Crosscheck — Crosscheck's AI agents automate document workflows and ensure 100% requirement-to-evidence traceability across your supply chain, backed by vetted auditors and industry-leading Certification Bodies.
• JobHire.AI — JobHire.AI for job search. Your AI Career Assistant that helps you land an interview 10 times faster, match with top employers, and boost your career growth.

Portfolio highlights

• Rivalz Network — Join the connectivity infrastructure between AI Agents, DeFAI and Markets.
• RiskLayer — RiskLayer is an economic security middleware for DeFi and providing services and validating Creating positive feedback loops.
• Perceptron Network — AI agents that learn, earn, and reward trust. Perceptron powers a decentralized mesh of reputation and revenue. Perceptron Network is the first AI-powered system where interactions drive growth and earn real rewards.

Portfolio highlights

• Gojo & Company — We are enabling financial inclusion for everyone by partnering with financial service providers.
• Sprout Solutions — Sprout is a payroll and HR software provider, focusing on emerging markets. Sprout fully automates timekeeping and attendance, replacing spreadsheets and printed forms with biometrics, single-click processing, and prescriptive analytics. Sprout has strong traction in the Philippines and a growing presence in Singapore and Indonesia.
• Instapay Technologies — Instapay is the only e-wallet in Malaysia to offer a corporate portal. It enables you to self-manage the salary payment process with greater visibility. It serves to streamline payroll processing within organizations while promoting finances.

Portfolio highlights

• Tiamat — Tiamat is a platform for generative artificial intelligence development and operators.
• Polly Polymer — Polly Polymer is a manufacturer of 3D printing terminals. They are engaged in the research and development of dental and medical polymer materials and 3D printing for sports equipment, medical devices, consumer electronics, automobiles, and other industries, enabling clients to shorten the research and development cycle and reduce costs. PollyPolymer, with its superior materials and large-scale 3D printing production, has become a catalyst for corporate digital intelligent manufacturing transformation, upgrading, and innovation.
• Tangia — Tangia is an all in one platform that allows content creators to supercharge their viewer engagement, boost income, and unleash viewer creativity

Portfolio highlights

• VYROX International — VYROX, a MSC Status, ISO 9001:2015 and CIDB G7 certified M&E ELV Systems Engineering company who specializes in smart home automation and custom software development. The smart city partner of i-City Berhad, Huawei IoT Malaysia and TM R&D. The exclusive smart home automation system provider for the luxury high-rise residential projects ofKerjaya Prospek Group berhad, Selangor Properties berhad, Mitraland Berhad, SPK Berhad, Matrix Concepts Holdings Berhad, CapitalLand Limited, SiChuan Sanjia Group, Golden City Properties, etc.The smart management system provider of OldTown Berhad, Sime Darby Property Berhad (Diamond City), Gamuda berhad (Ambang Botanic), 5-Star St Regis Hotel KL Sentral, etc.The ELV systems integrator and structured cabling infrastructure provider of Awangsa Maju, JescoBina, Putrajaya Holdings, MIGHT, etc.

Portfolio highlights

• A-World — Welcome to Animal World, a battle game based on #BNBCHAIN's super metaverse card tower defense. By setting up a hero tower to destroy monsters.
• NeuronX — The First AI-Driven Lending Protocol on @dfinity
• Vue Protocol — Community-First Layer for AI Memecoins. @solana @pumpdotfun @ton_blockchain Dvo1Fb7FxtUxsLbcQaizftfUT9HtL9P6swaQAScZDeQQ

Portfolio highlights

• Arcade2earn — Arcade is a GameFi platform, built on Ethereum and powered by Avalanche, that offers users the opportunity to earn meaningful rewards from various video games through the strategic infrastructure.
• FanAnywhere — Your one-stop blockchain solution for a celebrity to engage the fan base, exclusive Fan Tokens, exchange in FAW pairs & own exclusive celebrity artworks
• D/Bond — Decentralized derivatives

Portfolio highlights

• Torum — Convert your crypto to Ringgit and spend it at any DuitNow QR-enabled merchant with ease.
• Wicrypt — Wicrypt is a dynamic organization that consistently allows its users to get paid by sharing their Wi-Fi.
• Bella Protocol — Bella Defi suite allows users to simply deposit and enjoy high yield from sophisticated arbitrage strategies, either on-chain or via custodian service.

Portfolio highlights

• Meesho — Meesho operates as an online reselling platform that enables anyone to start a business without investment. Meesho is a business platform trusted by more than 2.6 million resellers across India. The company was founded in 2015 by Vidit Aatrey and Sanjeev Barnwa and is headquartered in Bangalore, Karnataka.
• Quintessent — Quintessent is developing optical connectivity solutions to scale computing and Artificial Intelligence (A.I.).
• One97 Communications — One97 delivers mobile content and commerce services to millions of mobile consumers through India’s most widely deployed telecom applications cloud platform. It has more than 4,500 employees with its headquarters in New Delhi and regional offices in Mumbai, Bengaluru, Pune, Chennai, and Kolkata with global presence in Africa, Europe, Middle East,and Southeast Asia. Marquee investors like Alibaba Group, Ant Financial (AliPay), SAIF Partners, Mediatek, Sapphire Venture, and Silicon Valley Bank back it.

Portfolio highlights

• DasAR — DasAR provides a hassle-free and cost-efficient, no-code web-based AR solution. In less than an hour, businesses can subscribe, upload 3D models, link a custom domain, and launch their own mobile responsive AR website, enabling customers to visualise products in real-life settings. Our placement formula showcases objects in their accurate sizingbased on real-world distances, particularly useful for heavy, bulky, and high-value items. With our value of accessibility, practicality, and community, DasAR democratises AR technology. Accessibility is ensured through our self-serve web platform, eliminating customised App development. Practicality extends beyond just visualisation, as our 3D models dynamically react to real-world distances, illustrating precise space usage at home or at work. As our platform evolves, it will foster collaboration among businesses, 3D modellers, and consumers, creating a community for support.
• Axtraction AI — Axtraction AI provides innovative document AI solutions for precise and efficient regulatory compliance in banking, financial services, and insurance (BFSI).
• EasyM Mechandiser Sdn Bhd — Tired of manual reporting? Our Best Merchandising App in Malaysia provides FMCG Sales Force Automation to simplify outlet audits, orders and sales visibility.

Portfolio highlights

• Taiv — Taiv enhances live TV in bars & restaurants with bettercontent, commercials, automation, and control. No risk, no cost, cancel any time. Oh - and we'll pay you every month.
• Osigu — Osigu provides an AI-powered healthcare revenue cycle and claims management platform for data processes and data transfers. Its platform also helps in all the transactions and data transfers that happen between insurance providers, insurance partners, and customers, eliminating all the overprocessed and haphazard paperwork found in the back-endsystems. Additionally, it provides clients with reliable and efficient technology that helps them serve their millions of customers easily and without any hassle.
• Glacis Labs — Glacis Labs is a middleware protocol. It enables developers to control cross-chain risk. Glacis provides a plug-and-play solution that eliminates the research and decision-making process in cross-chain processes, simplifying interchain execution.

Portfolio highlights

• MixRift — MIXRIFT - game developers specialized in Mixed Reality
• unspun — From 3D scan to perfect fitting custom jeans. unspun makes each pair of jeans unique to your actual body and design. On a mission to reduce global carbon emissions by 1%. As seen in Fast Company's World Changing Ideas, Time's Best Inventions, and PopSci's Best of What's New. Welcome to the future of apparel.
• Mesa Quantum — Unlock the potential of chip-scale quantum sensing for enhanced Position, Navigation, And Timing capabilities. Explore Mesa Quantum's practical solutions.

Portfolio highlights

• Hermo — A beauty collection with the best deals. Official Flagship Store partner : Yadah, Bonanza, Redergen, SkinBasic Group, Bliv and etc
• Yuan Planet — Youdi is a second-hand auto parts trading platform.
• Camera360 — Camera360 is a professional but easy-to use App for photo editing and selfie retouching. Tag #camera360

Portfolio highlights

• Torum — Convert your crypto to Ringgit and spend it at any DuitNow QR-enabled merchant with ease.

Portfolio highlights

• Octen AI — The search infrastructure for AI. Real-time web search foundation that empowers LLMs to reason with the world's latest information. Engineered for AI Agents, Copilots, and Chatbots with real-time indexing, sub-100ms latency, and high reliability.
• AI Hay — AI Hay develops an AI-driven answer engine that allows users to access information through a question-and-answer format. The company combines hyperlocal, culturally nuanced knowledge discovery engines with social loops to enhance community validation and perspectives. It utilizes in-house specialized large-language models, retrieval-augmentedgeneration (RAG), and social features to build a knowledge discovery platform that serves the community.
• SeIndonesia — Se’Indonesia is a fastest growing Indonesian Quick Service Restaurant chain. providing high-quality protein that is flavorful, nutritious, accessible, and affordable. The company specializes in smoked beef bowls, leveraging a proprietary smoking process that delivers distinct taste and aroma rooted in Indonesian culinary tradition.Founded with avision to revolutionize the food industry, Se’Indonesia emphasizes product integrity, operational scalability, and efficient delivery formats. Through its commitment to honest cooking and accessible nutrition, the company is positioned to lead the next generation of quick-service food solutions across Indonesia and beyond.

Portfolio highlights

• Torum — Convert your crypto to Ringgit and spend it at any DuitNow QR-enabled merchant with ease.

Portfolio highlights

• TonUP — TonUP offers cryptocurrencies as well as IDO services.
• 4Everland — 4EVERLAND is a Web 3.0 cloud computing platform that integrates storage, computing, and network core capabilities.
• Ordz Games — Ordz Games is a gaming provider for the Bitcoin eco-chain.

Portfolio highlights

• Joystream — JoyStream is a blockchain powered decentralized media distribution, curation, discovery, and monetization platform.
• Freyr Energy — We are a full-service Solar systems integration and solutions company. We help you with Solar System Installations for your home and business.
• The Fashion Kingdom — Fashion, Sneakers for men, women, and kids

Portfolio highlights

• Hyper8 — Hyper8 has been expanding Mespo through profits earned by operating social events.
• Sisuta — Sisuta is a purpose-driven organization committed to addressing fundamental social issues by seamlessly integrating human insight with advanced technology, creating innovative solutions that empower individuals, strengthen communities, and unlock the full potential of both people and digital tools to drive sustainable social impact.
• BASE — BASE provides web-based services that develop and build e-commerce platforms. The company provides its services across Japan, such as net shop creation, development of shopping applications, development of online payment, and other services.

Portfolio highlights

• Clouted — Clout Kitchen is THE Virality Engine for brands and creators, designing data-driven viral campaigns with distribution marketing.
• Neo Asset Management — India's Premier New Age Asset Management and Financial Advisory Firm #neogroup #DoGood
• Checkbox — Checkbox is an award-winning no code platform which allows users to build their own business apps for process automation.

Portfolio highlights

• Chaomu Technology — Chaomu Technology is a high-tech research and development enterprise dedicated to solving difficult human eye diseases. The company provides medical intelligent high-tech equipment and solutions. The pursuit of super purpose is to alleviate the increasing sub-light suffering of eye disease patients worldwide in a more scientific manner and torealize the dream of returning hundreds of millions of eye disease patients to a bright world.
• YAS — YAS turns live machine data into a risk score fleet operators and insurers can act on in real time, across EV fleets, autonomous vehicles, and robotics.
• GOGO Digital Innovation — GOGO Digital Innovation is a trendy digital asset art collection platform.

Portfolio highlights

• Two — Buy Now, Pay Later for your business customers. Two makes it easy and safe to offer invoice as a payment method on your e-commerce site.
• Forti Foods — The mission of Forti Foods is to enhance communities and change lives beyond the plate by fostering resilience and dignity via sustainable food innovation.
• RubiLabs — RubiLabs Inc provides a platform for unifying, monitoring, and analyzing organizational data. RubiLabs software enables analysts and operators across risk, compliance, and security teams to collaborate and interpret large volumes of information in real time. The company’s platform is designed to help institutions make sense of complex, fragmenteddata by transforming it into a coherent operational picture for risk detection, continuous monitoring, and investigative workflows.

Portfolio highlights

• Newswav — A trilingual independent news & content aggregator. Never miss any breaking news, top headlines and interesting stories from Malaysia & around the world anymore.

Portfolio highlights

• Ouch — Ouch specializes in insurance services in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
• bythen — bythen enables the production of autonomous 3D avatar bots powered by AI.
• Endowus — Licensed by MAS. Grow all your money through intelligent investment portfolios built by experts, customised to your goals. Award-winning fee-only wealth platform.

Portfolio highlights

• POMEN — Car Problem? Get POMEN App for Car Service & Breakdown. We provide full car maintenance and services for you.
• Bereev — A death preparation app that helps you create a plan which will guide your loved ones when you're gone. Sign up for free!
• Ejen2u — Platform Sistem Pengurusan Ejen paling Komprehensif

Portfolio highlights

• AMILI — AMILI develops diagnostic tests, predictive algorithms, and microbiome-modifying interventions. They also offer probiotics and diagnostic tests based on their own microbiome database. They also provide faecal microbiota transplants to aid in the treatment of bacterial infections.
• Lo! Foods — Lo! Foods is your go-to destination for all your Keto diet, Low Carb and Diabetes friendly snacking needs! Our specially formulated range of FMCG Low Carb and High Protein snacks and other products will definitely satiate those looking to go on a journey of healthy eating, with NO COMPROMISE on flavor!
• Thryve.Earth — Thryve Earth is a platform that unites multiple stakeholders to nature-based carbon projects in a scalable manner.

Portfolio highlights

• Beam — Building AI-native orgs, automating Finance and HR. Trusted by Fortune 500s & Startups.
• Respond.io — Respond.io is a business messaging platform that connects contacts from Email, Whatsapp, Social Media, Website widget in one place.

Portfolio highlights

• Halovision — Halovision System Sdn. Bhd. is a joint venture firm.
• nanoSkunkWorkx — nanoSkunkWorkX develops nanotechnology for AGI scaling and allergy biosensing.
• Swift Bridge Technologies — Swift Bridge Technologies is managed by individuals from both technical and marketing business segments of the electronics industry, specializing in high performance cable interconnect solutions.Swift Bridge Technologies provides a complete solution from concept to production whether customers require a customized USB assembly or 65 GHz PrecisionRF Test Cable. We utilize ProEngineer and Solidworks in their mechanical design of enclosures and injection molded components. Ansoft HFSS and Polar modeling software are utilized in the design of RF connectors and controlled-impedance PCBs. They enjoy working with their customer and their work environment fosters collaborative participation throughout the design process with seamless transition into production.

Portfolio highlights

• Tourplus — Tourplus is the one stop travel and lifestyle app in Malaysia to provide travel information such as nearby business, address, location, reviews, photos, videos, discounts, vouchers, products and services offered by businesses like restaurant, spa, attractions, premium outlet, hotel, resort and any lifestyle retails. Users also can book airport transfers, hotel rooms, food vouchers, attraction ticketing, day tour, customized tours from Tourplus App

Portfolio highlights

• Koala — Travel insurance as it should be. No exclusions. No proofs. No forms. Offer the insurance your customers deserve!
• Respond.io — Respond.io is a business messaging platform that connects contacts from Email, Whatsapp, Social Media, Website widget in one place.

Portfolio highlights

• xAI — XAI is an AI company that develops a platform to accelerate human scientific discovery. The company primarily focuses on developing advanced AI systems that are truthful, competent, and maximally beneficial for all of humanity. Its mission is to understand the true nature of the universe.
• OpenAI — Introducing Sora: Creating video from text
• SpaceX — SpaceX designs, manufactures and launches advanced rockets and spacecraft.

Portfolio highlights

• Blips — Blips is a platform in Brazil that aims to bridge the gap between investors and entrepreneurs. The company connects and drives investors and entrepreneurs with tangible assets that enable productive business activities, allowing customers to buy and finance supplies and inputs, as well as an educational platform to support the entrepreneurs'journey, teaching management techniques, growth, and technical knowledge for equipment use.
• Cameo — Cameo is a marketplace where fans can book personalized video shoutouts from their favorite people.Cameo's mission is to create the most personalized and authentic fan experiences in the world. We're a marketplace where users can book personalized video shoutouts from their favorite people. We currently partner with thousands of talentacross all verticals. Cameo’s offices are in 1871 and we are proud to be part of Chicago’s thriving technology and startup community.
• Fonoa — Manage your sales tax, VAT, and GST obligations seamlessly through our API, globally. For internet businesses around the world, we make taxes simple, automated, borderless, and accessible via our API.

Portfolio highlights

• Fragaria — Discover innovative farming practices and high-quality, year-round fruits in India with Fragaria's advanced agricultural technology.
• SPUN — The most reliable online visa platform in Indonesia with 24/7 dedicated assistance and money-back guarantee.
• Pruv Finance — The foundational layer for institutional-grade tokenization, bridging multichain ecosystems with DeFi-ready assets.

Portfolio highlights

• Chatfuel — Chatfuel is the leading no-code chatbot platform trusted by 7m+ businesses. Acquire new customers, increase sales, and automate support
• Litero AI — Litero helps you research, write, cite, and polish. Effortlessly.
• Global Work — Explore 500k+ verified remote, hybrid, and local jobs worldwide. Find your ideal role, compare opportunities, and apply on globalwork.ai!

Portfolio highlights

• ZUZU Hospitality — Maximize revenue for your independent hotel with our expert Revenue Management service, Channel Manager, and PMS. No fixed costs. Start risk-free today.
• Checker —
• Journee — We'll match you with an exciting trip and take care of everything. One 15 minute form. That's all we need. Go on a trip as adventurous as you.

Portfolio highlights

• Tune Protect — Tune Protect is a digital insurance provider that underwrites and reinsures non-life insurance products through its subsidiary companies. The company operates two core businesses; an online business, through which it sells insurance products to customers in more than 20 different markets as part of their online booking process with its onlinepartners or directly with offices in Kuala Lumpur and Dubai, and a general insurance business in Malaysia and Thailand, through its subsidiaries Tune Protect Malaysia and Tune Protect Thailand respectively.
• WHIP Mobility — Disruptive SAAS platform in automotive retail
• HOTEL NIDA — HOTEL NIDA is ASEAN's fastest growing hotel chain

Portfolio highlights

• Wincast — Wincast is the first live NFT bidding platform for live sports. Our platform allows users to bid on incredible sports moments while they're happening, and at the end of each quarter/round/play/down/at-bat, the highest bid is awarded an NFT collectible of that play. Users will then be able to buy, sell, and trade other keymoments with users on the platform through our secondary market and integrated wallet solutions.Own your favorite sports moments before they become THE moment.
• Magic Square — Discover, use, and manage all dApps, DeFi, NFTs, GameFi, and engage with the community in one convenient place. Magic Square - It's all there.
• Pop Social — Pop Social is the ultimate social gateway to Web3. Experience a multi-chain social ecosystem and discover your online social lifestyle. Connect and engage with a decentralized global community to leverage content and ownership economy.

Portfolio highlights

• TheNoor™ — We aim to be the world’s largest and fastest growing Muslim lifestyle app and ensuring Muslims around the world utilises TheNoor app for their daily habits to embrace the Islamic Lifestyle.
• Zepto Express — ZeptoExpress is an On-Demand Delivery Platform that allows customers to make delivery bookings at their convenience.

Portfolio highlights

• A2Tech — A2Tech is an actuator and automation trailblazer that provides inspection surveys, cleaning, automation systems, and computerization.
• Anak2U — Anak2U is a leading school management system designed specifically for teachers and parents when managing children day to day activities.
• Queenspree — Discover exquisite homeware and kitchenware brands like Le Creuset, Staub and Noritake at Malaysia's premier online retailer. Enjoy free shipping across Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei.

Portfolio highlights

• Nu Quantum — Nu Quantum has been pioneering quantum networking technology since 2018. Our market-leading expertise is uniquely positioned to deliver a distributed quantum...
• Halogen — Offering secure & innovative crypto investment solutions. Halogen Capital Sdn. Bhd. 202101022404 (1422704-T) is licensed by the Securities Commission Malaysia.
• OctaiPipe — OctaiPipe is an AI-powered optimisation software that delivers up to 40% savings in cooling energy use with zero disruption.

Portfolio highlights

• Blostem — Blostem provides fintech solutions, focusing on seamless fixed deposit integration for financial services platforms. The company offers an embedded investment platform and white-label solutions, catering to fintechs, wealth tech platforms, investment advisors, and digital companies. Blostem aims to enhance customer experience through innovativefinancial growth and security solutions.
• Shiok Burger — Shiok Burger is a food and beverages company that provides baked buns and an innovative burger menu.
• ASTRO — Situs Belanja Kebutuhan Harian Online dengan Harga Terjangkau dan Kualitas Terbaik. Pesan Kebutuhan Harian di ASTRO Pasti Sampai dalam Hitungan Menit

Portfolio highlights

• Pluvo — Financial forecasts calling for dry, complicated spreadsheets? Reclaim your time - no broken formulas, no duplication, no problems. Pluvo centralizes your data for dynamic scenario planning and unlimited forecasting!
• Noodle Tomato — earn on youtube with ai
• Plurio — Full-Funnel Dashboards
with Advanced Attribution Built Just for You

Portfolio highlights

• MHub — They focused on developing web-based solutions for banks, borrowers and property industry related companies to work together in a simple, systematic and synergistic manner, building strong communities as they go along. A platform/collaborative community of property developers, real estate agents and bankers that have one goal; help deservingbuyers get their homes.
• Stockbit — Aplikasi saham untuk berdiskusi, analisa dan berinvestasi dengan harga real time, berita terkini, riset, data fundamental, charting, dan analytical tools yang lengkap
• SmartClean Technologies — SmartClean Technologies is an internet of things and AI company that offers data-driven cleaning operations designed for facilities. It utilizes a cleanliness monitoring system that provides real-time monitoring of Facilities via sensors. The company was founded in 2017 and headquartered in Singapore.

Portfolio highlights

• Newswav — A trilingual independent news & content aggregator. Never miss any breaking news, top headlines and interesting stories from Malaysia & around the world anymore.

Portfolio highlights

• Aruna — Aruna adalah integrated fisheries commerce startup di Indonesia, yang berusaha mewujudkan ekosistem perikanan dan perdagangan hasil laut yang adil.
• SariSuki — Online grocery for high-quality chicken, pork, beef, fruits and vegetables, rice, pantry staples, and household essentials. Guaranteed freshness delivered within Metro Manila. Next-Day Delivery. Free Shipping Min. Spend P500.
• Terra.do — Learn about climate change and start working on climate change solutions today with the Terra.do community.

Portfolio highlights

• Tourplus — Tourplus is the one stop travel and lifestyle app in Malaysia to provide travel information such as nearby business, address, location, reviews, photos, videos, discounts, vouchers, products and services offered by businesses like restaurant, spa, attractions, premium outlet, hotel, resort and any lifestyle retails. Users also can book airport transfers, hotel rooms, food vouchers, attraction ticketing, day tour, customized tours from Tourplus App
• Crowdo — CROWDO is a digital financial solutions platform powered by Neobank technology for Medium and small size enterprises in emerging markets. Its strength lies in the digitalization of supply chain activities, facilitated by an advanced digital banking platform, a first of its kind AI-powered credit scoring engine, and product and services driven by ESG principles.