Get 250+ investors tailored to your startup

Invest in your industry and stage
Emails & contact info included
Excel and CSV export
Automatically

Trusted by 3,000+ startups

Top 50 Publishing Startup Investors in Canada in April 2025

Last updated: Apr 2025 A list of 50 angel investors and VC (Venture Capital) funds that invest in Publishing startups based in Canada. We rank investors based on the number of investments they made in Publishing companies from Canada. We update this investor list every month.

Top 50 Publishing Startup Investors in Canada in April 2025

Investor	Publishing Canada investments
Inovia Capital	3
Capital Angel Network	1
Ontario Centres of Excellence	1
Double M Partners	1
eLab Technology Fund	1
Kale United	1
Hedgewood	1
Alliance of Angels	1
Dan Fraser	1
Todd Finch	1
HBC Investments	1
Beedie Capital	1
Eastward Capital Partners	1
Postmedia Network	1
Angel One Network	1
Stephen O. Marshall	1
RevenueWire	1
Beyond Impact	1
Marc Morin	1
RBC Venture Partners	1
7 Gate Ventures	1
Northern Ontario Angels	1
Matthew Cauble	1
Jerusalem Global Ventures	1
Niagara Angel Network	1
Rhino Ventures	1
Scott Lake	1
Relay Ventures	1
Bag Ventures	1
Andrew Wright	1
Verissimo Ventures	1
Golden Triangle Angel Network	1
Golden Ventures	1
Gibraltar Ventures	1
Elton Pereira	1
Bert Amato	1
Natacor Inc.	1
Union Square Ventures	1
Version One Ventures	1
Ric Arboit	1
David Kosmayer	1
Vimac Ventures	1
Tiny Capital	1
Fondaction	1
Runway Growth Capital	1
Scott Hawthorn	1
OMERS Ventures	1
Conconi Growth Partners	1
Terry McBride	1
Flow	1

Find investors that fund startups like yours. Automatically.

Our algorithm will find investors that invest in your industry, stage, and geography.

Investor list

We support entrepreneurs at every stage of their journey and build technology companies that generate a positive impact on society.

Investment focus

Software, Artificial Intelligence, SaaS
Seed, Series A, Series B
Canada, United States, United Kingdom

Portfolio highlights

Tera AI — Tera is creating a software-only, platform-neutral spatial reasoning framework that will allow any robot to use its existing camera to traverse novel environments.
Vasco — Vasco is a software company that provides revenue architect, finance, consultants, revops solution for startup companies.
nue.io — Finally, an easy-to-manage, omni-channel RevOps platform designed to meet the needs of the modern business.

Our goal is to build the region's entrepreneurial community, to make the region the best place to start a business and to facilitate access to investment opportunities for qualified investors.

Investment focus

Software, SaaS, Artificial Intelligence
Seed, Angel, Funding Round
Canada, United States

Portfolio highlights

RainStick — The RainStick shower is a recirculating shower that saves 80% energy and 80% water but still feels like a luxurious shower.
Virica Biotech — Viral Sensitizers (VSE) for drug developers and manufacturers are small molecules that improve viral yields and effectiveness by reducing the antiviral defences on a cellular level.
Afynia Laboratories — Aima Laboratories is a women's health healthcare company that provides innovative solutions to diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. AIMA is working on the first non-invasive endometriosis diagnostic tool for the market. If you have chronic pelvic/period pain or are having difficulty becoming pregnant, you may have endometriosis.

The Ontario Centres of Excellence invests in projects and people to accelerate industry R&D to impact the Ontario economy through the commercialization of leading edge research.OCE invests in- Industry-Academic collaborative research- Commercialization of academic research through licensing and spin off companies- Early stage seedfinancing of start-ups- Skills development for high quality personnelThe Ontario Centres of Excellence is a not-for-profit corporation founded in 1987. Core funding is provided by the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation

Investment focus

Software, Information Technology, Health Care
Seed, Grant, Pre-Seed
Canada, United States

Portfolio highlights

Uride — Welcome to Uride - your reliable and affordable ridesharing service with a community-focus. Enjoy the ease of quick pickups, lower fares, and a user-friendly app designed to make your travels smoother. Start riding today!
FluidAI Medical — Real-Time Monitoring for Anastomotic Leaks with Origin, by FluidAI. Early data shows FluidAI's Origin can detect leaks an average of 1.6 days earlier.
Novel Biotechnology — Novel Biotechnology is building high-throughput bacterial platforms for the biotech industry, with a focus on plasmid DNA manufacturing.

Double M Partners Venture Capital Fund

Investment focus

Software, Mobile, Internet
Seed, Series A, Funding Round
United States, Canada, Australia

Portfolio highlights

Fama — Fama is an AI-based solution that identifies and offers an opportunity to address problematic behavior among potential hires and current employees by analyzing publicly available online information. This type of content can ultimately lead to brand risk and toxic culture, and is often missed in the hiring and management process.
HONK — Drive customer loyalty with the highest rated customer satisfaction scores in the industry. Lots of companies make promises. We've built the technology to follow-through on ours.
Reaction Commerce — Product capabilities and documentation of Mailchimp Open Commerce.

eLab Technology Fund is a leading Canadian early stage e-commerce venture fund. They excel at identifying and forming best of breed partnerships to globally launch innovative businesses, for maximum investment return.

Investment focus

News, Publishing, Advertising
Funding Round
Canada

Portfolio highlights

Megawheels — Buy Electric Transport online in our site megawheels.com. High-quality E Transport at affordable prices with fast delivery for your comfort. Make your order right now!

Kale United offers a portfolio of over 75+ plant-based game changers

Investment focus

Food and Beverage, Food Processing, Biotechnology
Seed, Pre-Seed, Funding Round
United Kingdom, Sweden, India

Portfolio highlights

Opalia — Opalia is introducing a new era of dairy: functional, delicious, and sustainable dairy made from mammary cells.
The Pack — Nutritionally complete vegan dog food. Grain-free & developed with food scientists & animal nutritionists, try our delicious vegan dog food now.
Cultimate Foods — Cultimate Foods is a cellular agriculture company. It develops cultivated fat for hybrid alt-meat products. It's cultivated fat replicates the structure of animal fat tissue and it uses a "unique technological approach to 3D cultivation that creates the structure of their ingredient and reduces production costs."

Hedgewood is an investment firm active in venture capital, internet businesses, real estate, specialty finance, asset management, and private equity.

Investment focus

Health Care, Software, E-Commerce
Seed, Series A, Funding Round
Canada, United States, India

Portfolio highlights

Unito — Unito keeps your data in sync between multiple tools so everyone is always up-to-date in real-time.
Vetster — Pet health starts with Vetster. Find and book veterinarians from across North America to provide excellent health care for your pet through video consults. Cats, dogs, reptiles, horses - all pets are welcome.
Ready, Set, Food! — Ready, Set, Food! makes it easy for parents reduce their baby's risk of developing peanut, egg, and milk allergies by up to 80% with our gentle, daily system.

Largest and most active angel group in the Pacific Northwest

Investment focus

Software, Health Care, Mobile
Seed, Funding Round, Series A
United States, Canada, Nigeria

Portfolio highlights

Glidance — Glide, a groundbreaking leap in assistive technology, is the first self-guided mobility assistant designed for individuals with sight loss.
Give InKind — Set up a Give InKind Page to coordinate support from anywhere. Create a Care Calendar, add items to your Wishlist and connect your Crowdfunding - all for free.
SafKan Health — OtoSet® by SafKan Health is the first FDA Cleared automated ear cleaning device for the 35 million Americans affected by impacted earwax - the leading cause of conductive hearing loss.

Dan Fraser began his music industry career on the road at 17 years of age, consistently traveling over 250 days per year and moving up through the ranks in the touring world to tour manager, before co-founding the Nettwerk Music Group and becoming President of Nettwerk Management. As president, Fraser oversees all clients, artist managers,employees, financials, and contract negotiations. Further, Fraser manages all aspects of the touring careers of Juno and Grammy award-winning clients. He also contributes to the overall strategic development of the Nettwerk Music Group, along with the other three co-founders. In 1996, Fraser, along with Sarah McLachlan, Terry McBride, and Marty Diamond, co-founded the famed Lilith Fair tours, which ran from 1996-1999, and 2010. Fraser has guided the live carriers of many Nettwerk clients such as Sarah McLachlan, Barenaked Ladies, Dido, Avril, Coldplay, Stereophonics and many others. He currently manages / co manages Joshua Hyslop. Wanting and Juno nominated children’s act Bobs and Lolo. Fraser has sat on several boards such as the 2007 Memorial Cup and 2006 World Junior Hockey Championships held in British Columbia. He was an Executive Producer for the 2002 BC Cancer Benefit and the 2005 Tsunami Relief Benefit. Fraser served on the Ceremonies Production team for the 2010 Winter Olympics. Currently, he sits on the board for the Unison Benevolent Fund.

Investment focus

Music, Publishing, Media and Entertainment
Private Equity
Canada

Portfolio highlights

Nettwerk Music Group — Label x Artist Management x Publishing x Film + TV

Todd Finch - President & CEO @ Vizible

Investment focus

Apps, Software, iOS
Seed
Canada

Portfolio highlights

Pressly — Pressly is a smart online platform that helps you aggregate the right content for your audience and establish your brand as a thought leader in your industry.Content is exactly like your audience: It’s all over the web, pinging from social networks to blogs via corporate websites and emails. Pressly allows all of this to happen in a singleplace: your hub.
Triggerfox Corporation — DomainMarket.com sells premium domain names to entrepreneurs, businesses, and nonprofits that want to dominate their online marketplaces and control great brands.

HBC Investments is an private equity firm.

Investment focus

Music, Travel, Publishing
Series A, Private Equity
Canada, United States

Portfolio highlights

Hail Merry Snacks — Hail Merry exists to elevate the snacking experience through fresh energizing snacks made from clean plant-based ingredients. Our purpose is to provide better-for-you plant-based snacks that celebrate the benefits of energizing coconut oil and raw fats from nuts, while delivering an unparalleled luxurious taste experi
Nettwerk Music Group — Label x Artist Management x Publishing x Film + TV

A Multi-Strategy Direct Investment Platform

Investment focus

Software, Information Technology, Mining
Post-IPO Debt, Post-IPO Equity, Debt Financing
Canada, United States, United Kingdom

Portfolio highlights

Vrify — Vrify is an information technology and services company located in Vancouver.
LifeSpeak — LifeSpeak is an employee mental health and wellness education startup.
VIQ Solutions — Cutting-edge speech-to-text transcription and recording technology, enhancing efficiency and accuracy for courts, law enforcement, and more.

Eastward venture debt firm works with entrepreneurs and equity sponsors to provide companies with compelling solutions to their lending needs.

Investment focus

Software, Health Care, Analytics
Funding Round, Series A, Series B
United States, Canada, Ireland

Portfolio highlights

Lightmatter — The photonic (super)computer company.
Bigleaf Networks — Bigleaf is a cloud-based internet redundancy and optimization service that provides improved reliability, performance, and support, for businesses that rely on the internet. This enables increased protection from business disruption, delivers the full potential of cloud and remote applications, and creates peace of mind for stakeholders.Withpreviously unavailable features such as seamless failover for all applications, circuit-aware load balancing, and true Quality-of-Service over commodity internet, Bigleaf is the evolution of internet connectivity.
GAN Integrity — Streamline compliance with GAN Integrity's ethics and compliance management software. Ensure success with our comprehensive and configurable platform.

Postmedia Network Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Postmedia Network Canada Corp. (TSX:PNC.A, PNC.B), is the largest publisher by circulation of paid English-language daily newspapers in Canada, representing some of the country's oldest and best known media brands. Reaching millions of Canadians every week, Postmedia Network engages readersand offers advertisers and marketers integrated solutions to effectively reach target audiences through a variety of print, online, digital, and mobile platforms.

Investment focus

E-Commerce, News, Retail
Seed, Funding Round
Canada

Portfolio highlights

INDOCHINO — As the global leader in made to measure apparel, INDOCHINO has developed the shopping experience of the future. Born out of the belief that you don’t need to spend a fortune on a custom wardrobe, INDOCHINO was the first company to disrupt the retail sector by making perfect fitting, personalized apparel on a mass scale.Customers take on the roleof designer, picking out every detail of their suits and shirts to make them truly one-of-a-kind. These garments are made to their precise measurements and are shipped directly to their door in two weeks, hassle free. The company’s omnichannel approach allows them to shop online or in person at any INDOCHINO showroom.
The Logic — Canada's business and tech newsroom

Join Angel One Investor Network: Your Path to Profitable Investments. Curated ventures, expert angel investors, and more. Take action now!

Investment focus

Software, SaaS, Health Care
Angel, Seed, Series A
Canada, United States, Malaysia

Portfolio highlights

Torum — Torum is the SocialFi ecosystem (Social + NFT + DeFi + Metaverse) that is specially designed to connect cryptocurrency users. The Web3.0 ecosystem is built on a social media platform, coupled with a yield farming platform for DeFi players, an NFT marketplace for crypto artists and Avatar NFT for Metaverse enthusiasts.
Coldblock — Coldblock Technologies Inc delivers short wave infrared sample digestion technology to prepare samples for analysis, accuracy and safety.
fraction/al — Fan Ownership Platform that empower fans to own a piece of their favorite sports team.

Steve joined EdgeStone as a Partner in June 2002 and has over 25 years of transaction and corporate development experience. From 1999 until 2002, he was Executive Vice President, Corporate Development of MDC Corporation (now MDC Partners Inc.), a diversified business services corporation listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange and NASDAQ, withinvestments in specialty printing, marketing and communications, direct selling, card manufacturing and technology services. From 1982 to 1999, Steve worked at Torys, one of Canada's leading transactional law firms, where he specialized in mergers and acquisitions and financing. He became a partner at Torys in 1990 and from 1995 to 1998 was Managing Partner of Torys' European office based in London, England.Steve is Chairman of the Board of EZShield and Eurospec Manufacturing and serves on the Board of Directors of Porter Aviation Holdings and Continental Alloys and Services. He was Chairman of the Board of Directors of Richards Packaging and served on the Board of Directors of Trimaster Manufacturing and Farley Windows. He holds a L.L.B from the University of Western Ontario and a M.B.A. from the MIT Sloan School of Management. Steve is a member of the Board of Directors of the Sunnybrook Foundation and the Canadian Opera Company.

Investment focus

News, Publishing, Broadcasting
Seed
Canada

Portfolio highlights

LIVEKINDLY — LIVEKINDLY is a news and media platform focusing on food, health, sustainable living, and cruelty-free beauty. They build a home for informative and thought-provoking content, focusing on sustainable and compassionate living. The platform transforming the global food system by partnering with forward-looking poultry production companies seeking toembrace and contribute to plant-based options.

RevenueWire is a global ecommerce platform for small and medium sized companies, with a focus on digital products. RevenueWire empowers companies to grow their business online by optimizing every phase of the transaction lifecycle through the SafeCart ecommerce platform and its performance marketing channels, AffiliateWire and CallStream.Thecompany consistently ranks as a top performing company in North America and worldwide, having received awards and accolades from the PROFIT 500, Branham 300, mThink Blue Book Survey and the CODiE Awards.

Investment focus

Video, Publishing, Advertising
Funding Round
Canada

Portfolio highlights

STN Video — STN Video is an award-winning online video platform that solves digital video for publishers, content creators, and advertisers. STN Video supplies digital publishers with premium content, advanced player technology, and reliable revenue. With a library of up to 5,000 new videos every day, the STN Video online video platform serves over 1,800publishers and hundreds of premium content providers at zero cost. STN Video’s partners include publishers like the NY Post, NY Daily News, LA Times, Chicago Tribune, and premium content providers like MLB, NBA, Bloomberg, AP and Rolling Stone. Using the STN Video online video platform, publishers easily serve official video to keep readers engaged and on-site longer. From “sports to news”, STN Video offers publishers all the content they need to cover their sites. The combination of official, premium content, and top publishers provides a brand-safe environment for advertisers and connects content providers with a broader incremental audience. STN Video’s advanced technology sets it apart, offering the best contextually relevant content via Smart Match, an AI-powered video player. Smart Match matches articles with content from an extensive library of over 1 million videos, allowing publishers to embed relevant videos on every page automatically in seconds. The STN Video online video platform improves user experience, publisher workflow, and both its partners’ top and bottom lines. STN Video shares the revenue it generates with publishing partners and content creators while also accommodating their own advertising sales.

Beyond Impact is your trusted Managed Service Provider (MSP), delivering tailored IT solutions like managed IT services, cybersecurity, cloud computing, IT help desk support, and data backup. Our expert team aligns your IT with business goals, providing proactive monitoring and network security. Contact us today to streamline your IT operations for a secure, agile, and future-ready business. Beyond Impact: Empowering your IT success.

Investment focus

Food and Beverage, News, Seafood
Seed, Series A, Pre-Seed
France, Canada, Singapore

Portfolio highlights

GOURMEY — We create sustainable cultivated meat delights for an uncompromising and conscious generation.
Nowadays — The Nowadays nugget is made with just 7 simple, plant-based ingredients.
SEAFOOD REBOOT — Seafood Reboot's ambition is to promote worldwide best-in-class Fish substitutes from micro-algae for natural, healthy, sustainable food and to preserve marine wildlife.

Marc, our Chief Executive Officer, co-founded Sandvine (TSX:SVC) and served as its Chief Technology Officer, developing the company's vision and technology strategy. Prior to Sandvine, he was co-founder at PixStream which was acquired by Cisco Systems.

Investment focus

Software, Internet, Machine Learning
Seed, Series A
Canada

Portfolio highlights

Uvaro — Start your career in tech! Learn from experienced instructors, practice new skills and get feedback in a supportive community. Sign up today!
Dejero — Dejero delivers resilient, uninterrupted internet connectivity for data-intensive applications by intelligently combining multiple networks into a single managed service.
Sortable — Sortable is an agnostic, low-cost, broad spectrum platform that helps publishers unify demand partners, data, and tools. We’ve developed a best-in-class UI that contextualizes this data, allowing publishers to more deeply understand the correlation between content, marketing, and monetization.Their ultimate goal is to simplify the complexities ofpublishing operations while generating more revenue for their publisher partners.Sortable began as an online publisher, building 20 websites and apps to help consumers compare competing products in a number of categories, generating over 500 million product comparisons since their creation. In 2014, after realizing that the experience gained from building websites was better used to help fellow publishers, Sortable launched the machine learning ad optimization focused technology company that you see today.

RBC Venture Partners invests venture capital and growth equity on behalf of the Royal Bank of Canada. RBC is one of the backers of the BlackBerry Partners Fund.

Investment focus

Software, Enterprise Software, Information Technology
Funding Round, Series B, Series C
United States, Canada, United Kingdom

Portfolio highlights

Hyperoptic — Hyperfast & Super Affordable Fibre Optic Broadband. Over 48x faster than the UK's average broadband speed. Check out our fibre broadband deals today!
YourMechanic — The most trusted mobile car repair service. Get an instant quote. All makes & models. 1 Year/12K mile warranty. No worries. No hassle. No over-charging. Available 7 days a week.
King Children — King Children operates as a 3D custom-printed eyewear company.Through their proprietary technology, their customers can conduct face scans and virtually try-on an ever expanding range of frame designs, colors, and lenses right from their phones. With exact measurements and confirmed order selections in hand, they then print and ship these customglasses directly to their doors.The company is headquartered in Brooklyn, New York, United States.

7 Gate Ventures is an early-stage venture capital firm investing in early-stage startups from Seed to pre-Series A in the technology industry, with a sector focus on software, SaaS, cloud services, marketplaces, mobile apps and solutions, Big Data/Analytics, Blockchain, FinTech, and HealthTech. Assembled by a group of serial entrepreneursspecializing in tech, operational expertise, and venture capital. 7 Gate Ventures brings key industry connections, decades of international venture-building experience and foresight to effectively strategize, mentor, and scale new businesses. 7 Gate Ventures was founded in 2015 and is headquartered in Vancouver, Canada.

Investment focus

Software, Information Technology, Health Care
Seed, Pre-Seed, Series A
Canada, United States

Portfolio highlights

Hengam — Hengam is a one-stop Shopify solution that develops apps for Shopify stores and helps them reduce their churn, increase revenue and save time and money.
Roomvu — Helping Real Estate Agents, Loan Officers, Realtors, and Mortgage Brokerages to establish trust through tailored real estate websites, personalized videos, and advanced lead capturing tools. Convert real estate audience to leads with roomvu profile.
Ulab Systems — Take back control of your treatment plan with uLab - the treatment planning software and aligner system designed for orthodontists. Learn more now.

Northern Ontario Angels specializes in structuring various customized car leases and car loans. They offer car financing with simple and affordable payment schedules that are tailored to your preferences. You can either opt to pay variable interest rates or fixed rates on the financial arrangement of your choosing. Along with personalizedamortization period, they offer spreads that are one of the lowest in the industry. They don't incorporate high credit risk premiums even if your credit score is bad. On the other hand, if your credit is good, you can enjoy a ride with negligible risk premiums in their financing arrangement.

Investment focus

Medical, Health Care, Content
Angel, Seed
Canada

Portfolio highlights

Viafoura — We partnered with 800+ media brands to engage, convert & monetize their digital audiences. Check out our community engagement solutions!
Rna Diagnostics — Rna Diagnostics is a clinical-stage molecular diagnostics company improving cancer care with the Veridapt DX predictive biomarker.
Flosonics — Flosonics Medical is improving patient care through technology-enabled solutions and services that clinicians, and patients, love.

Matthew Cauble heads Soylent’s internal project development and marketing, focusing on Soylent product packaging, manufacturing and distribution. He currently manages Soylent’s beta program whereby iterations of the formula, packaging and customer experience are reviewed by a select group in order to ensure the quality and safety of the productshipped to Soylent customers. Prior to joining Soylent, he served as procurement manager at Capital One before co-founding Level RF with Soylent CEO, Robert Rhinehart. He graduated from the Georgia Institute of Technology with a degree in Industrial and Systems Engineering with a Certificate in Finance.

Investment focus

News, Publishing, Broadcasting
Seed
Canada

Portfolio highlights

LIVEKINDLY — LIVEKINDLY is a news and media platform focusing on food, health, sustainable living, and cruelty-free beauty. They build a home for informative and thought-provoking content, focusing on sustainable and compassionate living. The platform transforming the global food system by partnering with forward-looking poultry production companies seeking toembrace and contribute to plant-based options.

Since the firm was founded in 1994, Jerusalem Global's goal has been to support private Israeli technology initiatives and to generate superior returns to investors. Over the last two decades, the partners of Jerusalem Global Ventures have developed strong ties with the top Israeli entrepreneurs and visionaries enabling JGV to invest in thebest of Israel's entrepreneurs and help their portfolio companies build winning management teams.

Investment focus

Software, Information Technology, Biotechnology
Series A, Series B, Series C
United States, Israel, Canada

Portfolio highlights

Moovit — Utilizing the power of MaaS, we're helping cities, transit agencies and corporations simplify urban mobility, making it more efficient, accessible and sustainable.
Quiet Therapeutics — Quiet Therapeutics is an emerging biotech company founded in 2010 developing a proprietary nanoparticle-based delivery system (gagomers) focused on oncology and inflammation.Based on the targeting capability of our innovative technology, the company is well positioned to expand the drug target repertoire in cancer and inflammation. The Gagomerdelivery approach enables us to target cell components that are not manageable by other therapeutic agents like small molecules or antibodies.
SolarEdge Technologiesa — Turn your businesses and homes into a sustainable energy hub with a SolarEdge inverter solution and the SolarEdge energy manager platform.

The Niagara Angel Network is a privately driven initiative that brings together individual investors from across the Niagara Region. Members of the Niagara Angel Network, or “Angel Investors” combine their wealth of knowledge & experience to collaborate and invest in early stage growth companies. With their combined expertise, investmentknowledge, industry connections and collective due diligence Angel investors are a force to be reckoned with. Angel Networks reduce risk and improve quality of investments by providing both financial stability and mentoring opportunities to qualifying enterprises.

Investment focus

Health Care, Apps, Content
Angel, Seed, Series A
Canada, United States

Portfolio highlights

CoHealth — CoHealth is a content creation and distribution platform that helps Health Organizations (like, providers, systems, industry) create, transform and distribute their health-related content to reach health consumers.
Viafoura — We partnered with 800+ media brands to engage, convert & monetize their digital audiences. Check out our community engagement solutions!
Coldblock — Coldblock Technologies Inc delivers short wave infrared sample digestion technology to prepare samples for analysis, accuracy and safety.

There is more to choosing an investor than selecting the term sheet with the highest valuation. Strategic capital, in its true form, extends the founding team’s capacity. That’s what we do at Rhino. We invest in companies where we can add tangible value. We’ve been on the other side of the table and appreciate the importance of funder and founderalignment. From startup, growth to exit; it is entrepreneurial ambition that drives value, not venture capitalists. We invest in individuals; trust and values fit are a centerpiece in every investment.

Investment focus

Financial Services, Software, Education
Seed, Series A, Funding Round
Canada, United States, Isle of Man

Portfolio highlights

MyFO — Leverage AI for effective wealth management with MyFO, making family office services attainable for all.
Pluto — Unlimited corporate cards with spend controls, petty cash management and automated receipt collection built for businesses in MENA (UAE, Saudi Arabia & more).
FISPAN — Bridge the gap between your bank and ERP/accounting software. FISPAN partners with your bank to provide embedded, automated solutions for accounts payable and cash management.

Scott Lake is a startup entrepreneur, tech investor, and philanthropist. He is best known as the cofounder of Shopify (NYSE: SHOP), then later as founder of Source Metrics.Currently, Scott is a general partner at Hello Ventures, where he leverages all the learning from his entrepreneurial journeys to invest in and advise early-stage techcompanies.Scott also plays an active role with his wife Jess as philanthropic funders of diverse social and public health causes.In his past lives, he has been a bike messenger, a university lecturer, a driver at NATO, and a political science PhD.

Investment focus

Health Care, FinTech, Communities
Seed, Pre-Seed, Series A
Canada

Portfolio highlights

Social Nature — With Social Nature, people can try natural products for FREE in exchange for writing a product review on social media, #trynatural.
Cognito Health — Canada's only integrated online mental health solution. Accessible and affordable treatment for your mental health. Book a free initial assessment today.
KOHO Financial — Open an everyday spending account online with instant cash back & premium rewards. Join over 1.5M Canadians using KOHO's prepaid Mastercard to spend, save, build and borrow. Sign up in minutes!

We view founders as partners. We bring capital, networks, and experience, and our founders bring expertise, teams, and dreams.

Investment focus

Software, Mobile, Apps
Seed, Series A, Series B
United States, Canada, United Kingdom

Portfolio highlights

Mave — Mave is the AI assistant for real estate, streamlining marketing, market data, and content creation. Built on exclusive insights, Mave helps agents and brokerages scale efficiently. Join the beta to simplify your workflow.
Eirene — Find trusted answers about end-of-life planning, grief support, and more.
The Curling Group — The Curling Group is a sports business venture that aims to revolutionize curling through strategic investments, innovation, and content development.

Bag Ventures is an investment firm.

Investment focus

News, Publishing, Broadcasting
Seed
Canada

Portfolio highlights

Sona — The employee 'super' app for frontline teams. Sona combines the power of modern workforce management software with an unparalleled mobile user experience.
LIVEKINDLY — LIVEKINDLY is a news and media platform focusing on food, health, sustainable living, and cruelty-free beauty. They build a home for informative and thought-provoking content, focusing on sustainable and compassionate living. The platform transforming the global food system by partnering with forward-looking poultry production companies seeking toembrace and contribute to plant-based options.

Andrew Wright is the Managing Director of Wright Ventures. He attended the University of Southern California.

Investment focus

Mobile, Apps, CRM
Seed, Angel, Funding Round
United States, Canada

Portfolio highlights

Blok24 — Providing a surprisingly human shopping experience. Trusted and secure. Millions of domains to choose from.
Trainiac — Trainiac by Gympass helps you get into an effective exercise routine by pairing you with a dedicated fitness coach for a personalized fitness plan and weekly workouts you can do anywhere. Available exclusively for Gympass members.
Magicflix — Magicflix is a safe, curated video service for kids 12 years and younger. Magicflix aggregates videos from award-winning, original content creators from across the world. Magicflix provides a safe environment for children to view videos by curating them to be safe, age-appropriate and positive. Magicflix is now live on the App store. Magicflixis a Techstars Seattle 2014 startup and is based out of Seattle, WA. Magicflix is led by a strong technology team and 3 of Magicflix' 4 founders are moms including the CEO, Mamtha Banerjee. Together with it's content partners, Magicflix' mission is to make the mobile world a safer place for our children.

We invest in early stage companies and help turn finance and operations into a strategic asset. We are hands-on from day one and bring a breadth of experience in addition to our network to each of our portfolio companies. We believe that success depends on the founders and the market, but that failure can come from the many pitfalls along theway - we exist to help companies avoid those pitfalls and realize their full potential. Our investment focus is outstanding entrepreneurs with companies that leverage differentiated technology to disrupt big markets through innovative business models. We typically invest between the pre-seed and Series A stage alongside a broad range of co-investors in the US, Israel and Europe, and aim to make very efficient investment decisions.

Investment focus

Software, Artificial Intelligence, Information Technology
Seed, Series A, Pre-Seed
United States, Israel, United Kingdom

Portfolio highlights

Droxi — Droxi is an AI-based platform that helps primary care physicians to reduce the amount of time spent on non-patient-facing tasks.
MOTORMIA — Meet Mia! MOTORMIA - Curated by auto enthusiasts, powered by AI. MOTORMIA is revolutionizing personalized discovery of aftermarket upgrades for your enthusiast vehicle
PrettyDamnQuick — PrettyDamnQuick. Logistics made damn simple. Deliver on time, every time with a smart delivery manager for the Shopify age. Get started now and make delivery your growth engine.

The Golden Triangle Angelnet is a not-for-profit corporation operating under the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation's Angel Network Program. It is a members-only organization comprised of Angel investors seeking investment opportunities in promising, early-stage businesses. In addition to the financial support, as part of theirall-encompassing commitment to assist the companies they invest in, its Angels often provide valuable mentorship and access to strong relationship capital networks to their investee companies. It is this priceless assistance that aids in the facilitation of learning, networking, and growth.

Investment focus

Software, Health Care, Information Technology
Seed, Angel, Grant
Canada, United States

Portfolio highlights

Justo — Cashback. Lower listing fees. Experienced local agents. Advanced technology. Free services. Justo is a new real estate brokerage based on a radical idea: Consumers are paying too much to buy or sell a home. That's why we offer a new model, based on fairness and transparency. Looking to buy a home? We'll split our commission with you50/50. Plus, our all-inclusive model covers home inspections and lawyer fees. Selling a home? Save half the listing fee of traditional brokerages, and thousands more with free staging, 3D virtual tours, professional photography and online marketing. Our experienced agents work closely with you to help find the home of your dreams, or sell your home for best the possible price. It just makes sense to use Justo.
LabsCubed — LabsCubed manufactures automated multi-sample tensile testing robots that manufacturers use to increase lab efficiency and reduce labor by up to 85%.
Motion Gestures — Motion Gestures is a Canadian machine learning startup specializing in gesture recognition software. Motion Gestures specializes in machine learning-based gesture recognition software and was founded in Waterloo, Canada in 2016. The company aims to enable the rapid development and deployment of gesture-enabled interfaces for systems, devices, andapps. Its software supports advanced 2D and 3D gestures using motion, touch, and vision sensors and can be deployed on the cloud, gateway/hub, and embedded platforms. Developers are offered free licenses to the cloud SDK and can quickly create and test any gesture using their smartphones.

Golden Ventures is a leading seed-stage venture capital fund, based in Toronto and investing across North America. We back bold teams and their transformative ideas.

Investment focus

Software, Artificial Intelligence, Information Technology
Seed, Series A, Series B
Canada, United States, Japan

Portfolio highlights

Deck — Open Data API accessing Energy, Water, Government and many more data verticals to power sustainability, credit check, accounting, bill payments and many more use-cases. Start building now with Deck's self-serve platform.
Neo Financial — At Neo, we're innovating to make saving, spending and getting rewarded even more rewarding.
Float Financial — Float offers modern financial services, powerful software and industry-leading support designed for every company and stage of growth. Our product suite includes corporate cards, bill pay, expense management and high-yield accounts, giving finance teams everything they need to manage spending and cash flow efficiently.

We invest in fast growing, disruptive consumer companies and back passionate entrepreneurs.

Investment focus

Publishing, Advertising, Software
Series A, Seed, Series B
Canada, United States

Portfolio highlights

CrowdRiff — Elevate your travel marketing with CrowdRiff. Find tools to source user-generated visuals, create authentic videos, and manage digital assets.
CivicConnect — CivicConnect provides a suite of applications that leverage Augmented Reality and mobile technologies to enable a compelling experience for Smart Cities.
Lunata Beauty —

Elton Pereira is a Partner at SureSwift Capital, Co-Founder of Elton Pereira Records and an Angel Investor in STN Video. Elton Pereira attended the University of Victoria.

Investment focus

Video, Consumer, Lifestyle
Seed
Canada

Portfolio highlights

STN Video — STN Video is an award-winning online video platform that solves digital video for publishers, content creators, and advertisers. STN Video supplies digital publishers with premium content, advanced player technology, and reliable revenue. With a library of up to 5,000 new videos every day, the STN Video online video platform serves over 1,800publishers and hundreds of premium content providers at zero cost. STN Video’s partners include publishers like the NY Post, NY Daily News, LA Times, Chicago Tribune, and premium content providers like MLB, NBA, Bloomberg, AP and Rolling Stone. Using the STN Video online video platform, publishers easily serve official video to keep readers engaged and on-site longer. From “sports to news”, STN Video offers publishers all the content they need to cover their sites. The combination of official, premium content, and top publishers provides a brand-safe environment for advertisers and connects content providers with a broader incremental audience. STN Video’s advanced technology sets it apart, offering the best contextually relevant content via Smart Match, an AI-powered video player. Smart Match matches articles with content from an extensive library of over 1 million videos, allowing publishers to embed relevant videos on every page automatically in seconds. The STN Video online video platform improves user experience, publisher workflow, and both its partners’ top and bottom lines. STN Video shares the revenue it generates with publishing partners and content creators while also accommodating their own advertising sales.
Social Nature — With Social Nature, people can try natural products for FREE in exchange for writing a product review on social media, #trynatural.

Bert Amato is a Venture Partner at Golden Venture Partners. With over 25 years of software and technology experience, as well as a proven track record in early-stage investing, Bert is our resident unicorn hunter.Currently an investor, advisor, and director to multiple technology companies, he co-founded Delrina Corporation, best known for itscommunications software product, WinFax. As Chief Technical Officer of Delrina, he was responsible for all product strategy and R&D. At Delrina, Bert also held the positions of Director and Executive Vice President of the corporation. Acquired by Symantec Corporation for US$415M, Bert served as a Vice President of Symantec.In investing, Bert has had a solid track record, placing his personal angel and seed stage money in ten companies which have sold. He is currently an angel investor in Wattpad, Farelogix, Echoworx and Infinity Quick.Prior to his work with Delrina, Bert held a technical development position at the IBM Canada Research Laboratory and was a co-founder and executive officer of Schematix Computer Systems Inc., a software and consulting company. He has an Honours Engineering degree from the University of Toronto.

Investment focus

Content, Software, Education
Seed, Angel, Series A
Canada

Portfolio highlights

Wattpad — Wattpad is a digital entertainment company providing an online social storytelling platform for original stories.The company utilizes the power of community and technology to enable the creation and distribution of content across a variety of formats. Its flagship app, Wattpad, is home to a community of more than 65 million people who spend over20 billion minutes a month engaged in original stories. Tap by Wattpad, the company’s second storytelling product, offers short, chat-based stories in over a dozen languages. Wattpad Studios co-produces stories for film, television, digital, and print, together with industry partners. Wattpad Brand Solutions offers a full suite of advertising products to help brands build deep engagement with Millennial and Gen Z consumers.It was established by Allen Lau and Ivan Yuen in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 2006.
BenchSci — BenchSci is the world leader in AI-Assisted Reagent Selection and Experiment Design. Our preclinical R&D SaaS platform uses machine learning to help pharmaceutical companies increase their research velocity.
Disco — One platform to build, market, and sell live courses, workshops, and learning communities.

Natacor Inc. is a firm that provides financial and business advising as well as capital investments.

Investment focus

Biotechnology, Health Care, Medical Device
Angel, Seed
Canada, Australia

Portfolio highlights

Viafoura — We partnered with 800+ media brands to engage, convert & monetize their digital audiences. Check out our community engagement solutions!
Nicoya Lifesciences — Get binding kinetics & affinity data on your benchtop. 600+ innovative researchers worldwide are using OpenSPR to publish faster.
Vida Fresh Air — Vita Fresh Air Corp has developed and is set to commercialize a new catalytic converter technology, the Multi-Chamber Catalytic Converter (MCCC), which aims to lower emissions, lower fuel consumption, and lower equipment costs. Vida’s mission is to develop automotive products that genuinely improve engine performance and emission control in anethical, economical and sustainable manner.

Union Square Ventures is a venture capital firm based in New York City.

Investment focus

Software, Financial Services, FinTech
Series A, Series B, Series C
United States, United Kingdom, Canada

Portfolio highlights

Bolt.Earth — Revos is a smart mobility platform that provides AI-enabled IoT solutions for electric vehicles. The company provides a modular and customizable tracking and control system that integrates easily into vehicles making them smart, safe, and connected.Revos develops the largest network of edge devices and its operating stack to enable electricvehicle adoption in emerging markets.
Presto — Presto is a software platform to power magical charging experiences for fleets, mobility providers, and businesses.We believe that access to reliable and affordable charging is the key to unlocking mass electrification and fighting climate change.
Reservoir — Infrastructure and APIs to bring efficient token markets to every chain, wallet, and app

Version One Ventures backs mission-driven founders at the earliest stages. Full thesis here: https://versionone.vc/updated-thesis/

Investment focus

Software, Internet, Blockchain
Seed, Series A, Series B
United States, Canada, United Kingdom

Portfolio highlights

Bolt.Earth — Revos is a smart mobility platform that provides AI-enabled IoT solutions for electric vehicles. The company provides a modular and customizable tracking and control system that integrates easily into vehicles making them smart, safe, and connected.Revos develops the largest network of edge devices and its operating stack to enable electricvehicle adoption in emerging markets.
Moment Energy — Moment is a start-up striving to provide greater access to renewable and reliable energy storage. We create battery units that can be used in a variety of applications. Moment is currently focused on storing energy for off-grid, end of grid customers, and plans on powering remote communities in the future.
Optimotive — Optimotive builds robotic platforms as a service for hazardous, laborious, or otherwise extreme environments.

Ric Arboit - President @ Nettwerk Music Group

Investment focus

Music, Publishing, Media and Entertainment
Private Equity
Canada

Portfolio highlights

Nettwerk Music Group — Label x Artist Management x Publishing x Film + TV

David Kosmayer - Founder and CEO @ Bookmark

Investment focus

SaaS, E-Commerce, Publishing
Angel
Canada

Portfolio highlights

Bookmark — The future of website creation and design is here! Bookmark is an AI-powered website builder which empowers people without any technical skills with the ability to instantly create an exceptional website and/or online store.Bookmark’s AI software AiDA (your Artificial intelligence design assistant) creates the first version of their websitein under two minutes by making selections from millions of combinations specific to each user's website needs. She then walks them through the process of editing content, design and sections. AiDA eliminates 90% of the pain points associated with building a website.

VIMAC's investing model is founded on two core principlesâ€”respect for the entrepreneur, and humble acceptance that nobody has seen the future. New business creation is essentially a collaborative enterprise where success requires continuous learning and broad-based sharing of innovative ideas.Based in Boston, they deploy capital inearly-stage companies located in the eastern U.S. and Canada. Today, they have two separate investment teamsâ€”one focused on early stage ventures in IT/Adv.Materials technologies and the other focused on life sciences.To date, VIMAC investments have led to the creation of over 20 successful companies that continue to generate business innovations in IT, communications, and Internet technologies. These investments today account for over $2 billion in market value. The fund seeks to make about five new investments each year. A new investment typically goes into a Series A or Series B round with adequate reserves to support subsequent funding until the company exits via a trade sale or an IPO. Over its lifetime, a company is likely to receive $5 million to $15 million from the fund. The life sciences team makes investments from the VIMAC Milestone Medica in early stage biotechnology and medical device companies.They lead or co-lead most investments and their managers play a very active role on portfolio companiesâ€™ Boards of Directors. Often, they invest in a company's first institutional round of funding and maintain support throughout the companyâ€™s lifecycle. Along the way, they maintain a close working relationship with the management team, helping them refine business plan, build go-to-market strategies, enhance capital efficiency, find early customers and partners, and grow the business.

Investment focus

Software, Information Technology, Information Services
Series B, Series A, Funding Round
United States, Canada, New Zealand

Portfolio highlights

AeroSafe Global — AeroSafe Global delivers cold chain solutions to the biopharma industry with zero temperature excursions for every patient, every product, every time.
NeoEdge Networks — NeoEdge Networks is an in game advertising firm.
Combinent Biomedical Systems — Combinent Biomedical Systems, Inc., a women's healthcare company, offers multi-segmented vaginal rings that allow the delivery of hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules, proteins, and other large molecules. It focuses on transvaginal delivery of drugs targeting women's reproductive endocrinology disorders, as well as diabetes, obesity, andinfectious diseases. Combinent Biomedical Systems, Inc. was incorporated in 2000 and is based in Lexington, Massachusetts.

We give founders simple exits that protect their team and keep their businesses operating. Offers in 7 days, close in 30.

Investment focus

Software, Mobile, E-Commerce
Funding Round, Seed, Pre-Seed
United States, Canada, France

Portfolio highlights

Frontly — Build custom apps with no code
Vesto — Fintech
Yield Exchange — Find competitive rates quickly & efficiently with Yield Exchange, the all-in-one treasury management platform, transforming how businesses search, compare, and negotiate for GIC rates.

Since its creation in 1996, Fondaction has been based on the belief that it is not only possible to do things differently in the financial and business world, it is a necessity.Fondaction helps Québecers prepare for retirement by offering affordable retirement savings to everyone. The savings collected are invested in companies across Québec.This way, Fondaction helps create and maintain quality jobs, contributing to a stronger, more equitable and greener economy.Created in 1996, Fondaction is a labour-sponsored fund with assets in excess of one billion dollars collected as retirement savings from more than 131,000 shareholders. Fondaction's direct investments and those made through investment funds support the development of more than 1 050 SMEs in different lines of business, in large part involved in various components of the social economy.Fondaction has always been resolutely committed to socially responsible finance, from the moment it was created. The principles of sustainable development are integrated in everything it does. Whether investing in businesses directly or in capital markets, Fondaction always applies the principles of responsible investment to the money entrusted by its savers.Fondaction was one of the first institutions in Québec to make accountability reports an obligation in an effort to improve its practices and contribute to moving sustainable development forward in Québec. It produced its first report on sustainable development in 2006 in accordance with the international standards of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), the highest standards of precision and transparency in economic, social and environmental accountability.In 2010 and 2012, Fondaction remained at the forefront with its 3rd and 4th sustainable development reports, having them reviewed by an independent firm and achieving an application level of A+ from the GRI. Fondaction is the only financial institution in Québec to achieve this level.In 2014, Fondaction tabled its 5th sustainable development report, produced in accordance with the latest GRI guidelines, the G4. Fondaction also opted for Comprehensive compliance, becoming the 1st financial institution in North America and the 9th in the world to voluntarily adhere to these requirements.

Investment focus

Manufacturing, Information Technology, Software
Private Equity, Funding Round, Debt Financing
Canada, United States, France

Portfolio highlights

Manulift — Manulift EMI specializes in telescopic.
Aquatech BM — Commercial & industrial bottle washer cleaner and sterilizer. Perfect for winemakers, microbrewers, dairy farms, hotels, laboratories and more.
Équipement St-Germain — Équipement St-Germain offers rental of heavy equipment without operator mainly to general contractors in construction, excavation, and landscaping companies.

The Other Growth Capital. Minimally-Dilutive Venture Debt Learn More Venture Debt Financing For Late And Growth-Stage Companies We partner with passionate and driven management teams who use our capital to grow - whether that's market share, revenue, profitability, production, or capacity. Unlike equity financing, venture debt is minimally dilutive, allowing founders and

Investment focus

Software, Health Care, Medical Device
Debt Financing, Funding Round, Private Equity
United States, Canada, Germany

Portfolio highlights

CarNow — Transforming the way dealers communicate and transact with customers
Onward — Working to restore movement, independence, and health in people with spinal cord injury.
Elevate — Elevate is an Alternative Legal Services Provider (ALSP) providing consulting, legal software, and services to law departments and law firms.

Scott Hawthorn is an investor.

Investment focus

News, Publishing, Broadcasting
Seed
Canada

Portfolio highlights

LIVEKINDLY — LIVEKINDLY is a news and media platform focusing on food, health, sustainable living, and cruelty-free beauty. They build a home for informative and thought-provoking content, focusing on sustainable and compassionate living. The platform transforming the global food system by partnering with forward-looking poultry production companies seeking toembrace and contribute to plant-based options.

OMERS Ventures Home Page.

Investment focus

Software, SaaS, Health Care
Series A, Series B, Seed
Canada, United States, United Kingdom

Portfolio highlights

OneVest — OneVest empowers enterprises and consumers to access private wealth management through our Wealth-as-a-Service platform.
Arize AI — Arize AI offers a platform that explains and troubleshoots production AI. The company was founded in 2019 and based in Berkeley, California.
Float Financial — Float offers modern financial services, powerful software and industry-leading support designed for every company and stage of growth. Our product suite includes corporate cards, bill pay, expense management and high-yield accounts, giving finance teams everything they need to manage spending and cash flow efficiently.

Conconi Growth Partners is committed to helping exceptional entrepreneurs build great companies.

Investment focus

Software, FinTech, Financial Services
Seed, Funding Round, Series A
Canada, United States, Mexico

Portfolio highlights

Requity Homes — Requity Homes Inc. is on a mission to create a fair and flexible alternative path to home ownership in Canada by offering a modernized rent-to-own program that enables aspiring home buyers to live in their dream home today with the option to buy it back later while saving for their down payment one month at a time.
Loop — Bank on Loop to save time, save money and grow globally. Join thousands of entrepreneurs and businesses across Canada to spend, send and grow without fees.
Unicone Art — Unicone Art is your go-to source for clear casting epoxy resin material for art projects. It is perfect for creating crystal clear pieces with a great finish.

Terry McBride is the current CEO and one of three founders of the Nettwerk Music Group, which includes Nettwerk Productions (Canada’s largest independent record label), Nettwerk Management (artist and producer management), Nettwerk One (publishing), and Artwerks (graphic and fashion design). Founded in McBride's apartment in 1984, Nettwerk hascorporate offices in Vancouver, Boston, Los Angeles, Nashville, New York, Hamburg and London. Since its inception, Nettwerk has released over 500 different albums and sold over 150 million albums worldwide. In the past few years McBride has spoke at dozens of international conferences about advances in digital technology, intellectual property rights and the future of music distribution. In 2008, McBride co-authored a paper for the British University of Westminster’s “Musictank” entitled Meet the Millennials. In 2004, McBride stepped onto a yoga mat for the first time by way of recommendation from a friend, and it wasn't long before he realized that yoga offered him more than just a flexible body and mind. Acting on this realization, McBride along with his friend and yoga instructor, Lara Kozan, launched a chain of wellness centers called YYoga. It's McBride's vision for YYoga Studios to evolve into social third spaces, focusing on health and wellness for the body, mind, spirit and the community. McBride’s latest endeavor combines his two principle passions in the re-launch of Nutone Music. Encompassing music from the realm of devotional chant, world beat and beyond, Nutone is dedicated to the development of a new genre within today’s musical landscape. McBride explains, “Nutone's mission is to seek out what we feel is the best music that fits into the modern day Yoga studio, various wellness practices and everyday enjoyment of music. With many descriptions from World music to Chant to New Age to Mantra music, Nutone will demystify and clarify for listeners a brand that will be consistent in delivering quality albums.” At the 2003 Juno Awards Terry received the Walt Grealis Special Achievement Award, recognizing an outstanding individual who has contributed to the growth and advancement of the Canadian music industry. Terry has also twice been awarded the Pollstar Industry Award for Personal Manager of the year for his work with Sarah McLachlan (1997) and Avril Lavigne / Coldplay (2002).

Investment focus

Music, Publishing, Media and Entertainment
Private Equity
Canada

Portfolio highlights

Nettwerk Music Group — Label x Artist Management x Publishing x Film + TV

Flow Ventures is a SR&ED consulting firm with unparalleled experience helping companies maximize their SR&ED refunds while minimizing their risk and time.

Investment focus

EdTech, Education, Publishing
Seed, Angel
Canada, United States

Portfolio highlights

NearPad — NearPad Launchpad & DeFi hub for the NEAR ecosystem
Symtext — Symtext focuses on the development of digital learning material for students, educational institutes, and educators.Symtext offers Liquid Textbook that enables instructors create customized digital textbooks that include texts from multiple publishers, presentations, videos, images, and podcasts.Symtext was founded by Ian Barker and it is basedin Toronto, Canada.

Investors by industry