# Top 50 Climate Startup Investors in Poland in June 2026

## Bitspiration Booster
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Kraków, Malopolskie, Poland
- Relevant deals: 6
- Stages: Seed, Pre-Seed
- Focus: AgTech, Mobile, Farming

We second those who first show progress

## SpeedUp Venture Capital Group
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Poznan, Wielkopolskie, Poland
- Relevant deals: 5
- Stages: Seed, Pre-Seed, Series A
- Focus: Software, SaaS, Artificial Intelligence

We are a group of venture capital funds, investing in enterprises in an early stage of development. Areas of our interest include enterprises and entrepreneurs in Central and Eastern Europe, who want to conquer the global market by utilizing their self-developed solutions. Our cooperation with companies is based on a 3-8 years investment horizon.We're looking for innovations from areas such as: consumer internet, electromobility, energy, fintech, martech, adtech, medtech, IoT and hardware. We're interested in technologies like Machine Learning, Picture Recognition and Artificial Intelligence.

## Black Pearls VC
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Gdansk, Pomorskie, Poland
- Relevant deals: 5
- Stages: Seed, Pre-Seed
- Focus: Software, Artificial Intelligence, FinTech

Black Pearls VC is a venture capital firm focusing on Life Quality Technologies. We look for the best entrepreneurs in Poland and the Baltic Sea Region.

## SATUS Starter
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Kraków, Malopolskie, Poland
- Relevant deals: 5
- Stages: Seed, Private Equity
- Focus: Software, Machine Learning, Information Technology

SATUS Starter is a VC focusing on investments between $ 100k-1M in: AI & Big Data, SaaS, AR & VR, Industry 4.0, FinTech, blockchain, cybersecurity, marketplace.

## National Center for Research & Development
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Warszawa, Mazowieckie, Poland
- Relevant deals: 4
- Stages: Grant, Seed, Pre-Seed
- Focus: Artificial Intelligence, Software, Machine Learning

The National Research and Development Centre is an executive agency of the Minister of Science and Higher Education. It was established in summer 2007 as a unit realizing the tasks of scientific, scientific-technical and innovation policy. At the time of inception was the first unit of this type, created as a platform for effective dialogue betweenscience and business environment. Currently it operates under the Act of 30 April 2010 by the National Centre for Research and Development (Dz. U. 2010, No. 96 item. 616). Introduced in autumn 2010 reform of the science center has allowed greater freedom in disposing financial resources, within the framework of the strategic research agenda. An additional 1 September 2011, NRDC has expanded the scope of its activities with new initiatives and opportunities. Taking over from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education function of the Intermediate in three operational programs: Human Capital, Innovative Economy and Infrastructure and Environment, has become one of the largest centers supporting innovation in Poland. The Centre is funded by the Treasury and European Union funds.

## Shape VC
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Kraków, Malopolskie, Poland
- Relevant deals: 4
- Stages: Seed, Pre-Seed
- Focus: Software, Artificial Intelligence, Robotics

A new tool that blends your everyday work apps into one. It's the all-in-one workspace for you and your team

## ValueTech Seed
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Warsaw, Mazowieckie, Poland
- Relevant deals: 4
- Stages: Seed, Pre-Seed, Convertible Note
- Focus: Software, Information Technology, SaaS

ValueTech Seed is an early stage venture capital fund focusing on innovations in Energy and Industrial Manufacturing. We seek to partner with dedicated teams developing breakthrough technologies that can be deployed within the next 2-5 years. Our areas of particular interest include but are not limited to: Industry 4.0, renewables, cleantech,energy storage, smart grid and smart home, AI/IoT applications.

## Innovation Nest
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Kraków, Malopolskie, Poland
- Relevant deals: 3
- Stages: Seed, Series A
- Focus: Software, SaaS, E-Commerce

Innovation Nest invest in early stage B2B SaaS startups from Europe and help them grow from local to global using our network of contacts and strong in-house competencies. It strongly believes that the path to growth leads through Silicon Valley and strongly encourage our portfolio startups to set up presence there. The company supports high-techcompanies to grow faster and scale their business globally.

## VIGO Ventures
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Warszawa, Mazowieckie, Poland
- Relevant deals: 3
- Stages: Seed
- Focus: Manufacturing, Laser, Electronics

VIGO Ventures is an investment group supporting cutting edge R&D photonic teams in technology development and commercialization. The focus is on photonics and its relation to numerous applications spreading across industries on the ground and in space. We are drawn to experts dedicated and determined to scale globally.One of our strategicpartners is VIGO System (https://www.vigo.com.pl/en) a joint stock company and a global leader in production of high operating temperature IR detectors. VIGO System supplies unique products, manufactured with the use of internally developed technology and the aid of its highly specialized team. Our second strategic partner is Warsaw Equity Group (https://www.warsawequity.com/?lang=en) a privately held investment company with over 20 years track record of successfully supporting business ventures both by investing their own capital, as well as by providing ongoing operational and strategic support for active investment projects. We are a part of a larger ecosystem and offer long term business support for our portfolio companies which includes possible next round financing.

## Intel Capital
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Santa Clara, California, United States
- Relevant deals: 2
- Stages: Series B, Series A, Series C
- Focus: Software, Information Technology, Enterprise Software

Intel Capital invests in innovative startups targeting cloud and AI infrastructure, edge, 5G, autonomy, cybersecurity, client & gaming, enterprise applications, silicon design and manufacturing, and a wide range of other disruptive technologies.

## Czysta3.vc
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Wroclaw, Dolnoslaskie, Poland
- Relevant deals: 2
- Stages: Seed, Pre-Seed
- Focus: Software, Automotive, Machine Learning

Czysta3.vc is an investment firm providing businesses with venture capital funds. It creates sales and implements marketing strategies. The firm has worked with Fortune 500 startups and expanded it businesses to other countries.
The firm was founded in 2017 and is based in Poland.

## Firstminute Capital
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: London, England, United Kingdom
- Relevant deals: 2
- Stages: Seed, Series A, Pre-Seed
- Focus: Software, Information Technology, Artificial Intelligence

firstminute is a seed fund backed by over 130 unicorn founders and a world-class community.

## Credo Ventures
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Prague, Hlavni mesto Praha, Czech Republic
- Relevant deals: 2
- Stages: Seed, Series A, Pre-Seed
- Focus: Software, Artificial Intelligence, Information Technology

We partner with outstanding technology founders from Central and Eastern Europe to help them realize their global ambitions.

## LT Capital
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Krakow, Malopolskie, Poland
- Relevant deals: 2
- Stages: Seed, Pre-Seed, Angel
- Focus: Software, Internet, SaaS

We are:Industry 4.0 seed fund. Typically, we invest around EUR 250K. If necessary, we are able to bring top-tier co-investors to the table if a bigger ticket is needed.Founder-centric. Few VC's understand that founders are the ones that run the companies. We are there to help, not to replace.Heavily networked. With contacts across theglobe, we are the bridge between great companies from the CEE and bigger funds and clients from rest of the world.Focused on CEE. In the upcoming years we will invest in around 40 companies in Central and Eastern Europe, with Poland being the main site of our investments.

## Giant Ventures
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: London, England, United Kingdom
- Relevant deals: 2
- Stages: Seed, Series A, Pre-Seed
- Focus: Software, Health Care, Artificial Intelligence

Giant backs purpose-driven founders building companies that matter.

## Garrett Camp
- Type: Angel
- Location: San Francisco, California, United States
- Relevant deals: 2
- Stages: Seed, Series A
- Focus: Software, Mobile, Information Technology

Garrett Camp is the Founder of Expa and Founding Partner of Mix. He attended the University of Calgary

## Investible
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Relevant deals: 2
- Stages: Seed, Series A, Pre-Seed
- Focus: Software, Information Technology, FinTech

Investible is an early-stage venture capital firm backing the visionaries advancing humanity through technology in Australia, New Zealand, Southeast Asia and globally.

## SET Ventures
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
- Relevant deals: 2
- Stages: Series A, Series B
- Focus: Energy, Software, Renewable Energy

SET propels founders from early growth to European scale. We invest in and grow the solutions powering the digital energy economy.

## SMOK Ventures
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Warsaw, Mazowieckie, Poland
- Relevant deals: 2
- Stages: Seed, Pre-Seed
- Focus: Software, Information Technology, SaaS

Bridging Silicon Valley to CEE

## KnowledgeHub
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Warszawa, Mazowieckie, Poland
- Relevant deals: 2
- Stages: Seed, Pre-Seed, Series A
- Focus: Software, Marketplace, B2B

People are in the center of our actions. We believe that investment in human capital and its unique value guarantee success.

## Sir Ronald Cohen
- Type: Angel
- Location: London, England, United Kingdom
- Relevant deals: 2
- Stages: Series A, Seed
- Focus: Health Care, Financial Services, Apps

Ronald Cohen is Chairman of the Global Social Impact Investment Steering Group and The Portland Trust. He is a co-founder director of Social Finance UK (2007-11), Social Finance USA, and Social Finance Israel, and of Big Society Capital. He was co-founder Chair of Bridges Ventures (2002-2012).He chaired the Social Impact Investment Taskforceestablished under the UK’s presidency of the G8 (2013-2015), the Social Investment Task Force (2000-2010) and the Commission on Unclaimed Assets (2005-2007). In 2012 he received the Rockefeller Innovation Award for innovation in social finance.He co-founded and was Executive Chairman of Apax Partners Worldwide LLP (1972-2005). He was a founder director and Chairman of the British Venture Capital Association and a founder director of the European Venture Capital Association.He is a graduate of Oxford University, where he was President of the Oxford Union. He is an Honorary Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford. He has an MBA from Harvard Business School to which he was awarded a Henry Fellowship.He is a member of the Board of Dean’s Advisors at Harvard Business School and Vice-Chairman of Ben Gurion University. He is a former director of the Harvard Management Company and the University of Oxford Investment Committee. He is a former member of the Harvard University Board of Overseers (2007-2013), former Trustee of the British Museum (2005-2012) and a former trustee of the International Institute for Strategic Studies (2005-2011).In 2007, Sir Ronald published: “The Second Bounce of the Ball – Turning Risk into Opportunity”.

## Aper Ventures
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Warszawa, Mazowieckie, Poland
- Relevant deals: 2
- Stages: Seed, Series A
- Focus: Manufacturing, Machine Learning, Information Technology

The fund supports deeptech and hardware startups that demonstrate proven competitive advantages and significant global potential. It was founded in 2014 as 100 million Meta Ventures, investing in more than 20 entities in its area of operations. As of 2019, it operates primarily under Aper Ventures. The value of its assets under management isapproximately PLN 130 million, of which the fund has invested PLN 50 million since 2019 alone. Aper Venture is based in Warsaw, Poland.

## EEC Ventures
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Warsaw, Mazowieckie, Poland
- Relevant deals: 2
- Stages: Series A, Seed, Series B
- Focus: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Information Technology

EEC Ventures is a venture capital company specializing in utilities, energy, environment, sustainable, and advanced materials sectors. The company provides IT solutions for artificial intelligence, industrial cybersecurity, blockchain, and big data. It also provides target companies with both early-stage and growth/expansion capital financing.They create value using sustainable resources, lower the environmental burden or provide higher efficiency in the utilization of traditional resources. The company should provide the market with services and products that respond to the following global trends such as natural resources reduction, upgrade of utility infrastructure, steady energy demand increase, reduction of CO2 emissions, and reduction in wastes generation.EEC Ventures was founded in 2012 and is headquartered in Warsaw, Poland.

## JR Holding
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Kraków, Malopolskie, Poland
- Relevant deals: 2
- Stages: Seed, Series A
- Focus: Software, SaaS, Manufacturing

JR HOLDING is an Alternative Joint Stock Company listed on the NewConnect stock market of the Warsaw Stock Exchange since 2012.When investing in a given project, we invest primarily in people who can manage the company, team, capital and achieve their goals. We consciously don't invest in activities that lack a leader, coordinator, someonewho is fully involved in managing the project. We believe that our greatest value is the fact that so many people trust us and look for a partner for joint investments in us. We adhere to the principle of creating value through investments made. The company builds its financial potential by investing in projects and industries with a high rate of return, which allow us to achieve above-average profits in the long term.In accordance with our strategy, we invest in several key industries of the future, such as
Digital Business
Renewable energy
Space Industry
Deeptech / Hardware
Biotech
Gaming
New MediaHowever, we believe that creating a business is more than just good projects or industries with potential - it's people and relationships with them. Employees, leaders and shareholders - people with whom we create and achieve our goals together.

## David Rowan
- Type: Angel
- Location: London, England, United Kingdom
- Relevant deals: 2
- Stages: Seed, Pre-Seed
- Focus: Software, Machine Learning, Information Technology

David Rowan is editor of the UK edition of WIRED magazine, which won 2009 Launch of the David Rowan is Editor of the WIRED UK, the technology and trends magazine covering online brands, gadgets and the culture that surrounds them.   David has reported on technology for The Times and Channel 4 News, the latter requiring him to illustrate the newiPod Video from the set of a porn shoot. He's also written for The Sunday Times and Telegraph Magazines, and edited the Guardian's on-line content.  David has curated an exhibition of British creative talent at the Government's Cabinet Forum conference. He has also addressed the TEDs, and frequently contributes on Newsnight and the Today programme. He also writes a monthly column for GQ.   David is in touch with many of the world's leading trend-setters and spotters. In presentations he looks at how the net is disrupting almost every sector, how apps change consumer behaviour and why 'social commerce' is killing traditional marketing. He reveals the 10 trends that will change your market in the next decade - and what you should be doing now to protect yourself.

## Brent Hoberman
- Type: Angel
- Location: London, England, United Kingdom
- Relevant deals: 2
- Stages: Seed, Series A, Angel
- Focus: Software, Artificial Intelligence, Information Technology

Brent Hoberman is the Co-Founder and Executive Chair of Founders Forum. He previously worked at Royal Academy of Arts as a Corporate Advisory Board. Brent Hoberman attended the University of Oxford.

## Maciej Frankowicz
- Type: Angel
- Location: Wroclaw, Dolnoslaskie, Poland
- Relevant deals: 1
- Stages: Pre-Seed, Seed
- Focus: Artificial Intelligence, Biotechnology, Information Technology

Maciej Frankowicz is the CEO and Partner at Shape.vc. He is also an Investor in AdTonos, Scanye, Sherlock Waste, and Aether Biomedical. Prior to that, he was the Business Developer and co-founder of AudioTrip.

## MITON
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Prague, Hlavni mesto Praha, Czech Republic
- Relevant deals: 1
- Stages: Seed, Pre-Seed
- Focus: Software, E-Commerce, Marketplace

Company builders operating from Czech Republic and focusing on Central and Eastern Europe. We prefer building consumer facing businesses and have the most fun around marketplaces and e-commerce in general.

## Delivery Hero Ventures
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Relevant deals: 1
- Stages: Series A, Seed, Series B
- Focus: E-Commerce, Information Technology, Food Delivery

Delivery Hero - Always delivering an amazing experience.

## Kai Hansen
- Type: Angel
- Location: Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Relevant deals: 1
- Stages: Seed, Series A, Pre-Seed
- Focus: Software, E-Commerce, FinTech

business angel // entrepreneur // founder lieferando.de // boardmember booksy.com

## ARIA Fund
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Warszawa, Mazowieckie, Poland
- Relevant deals: 1
- Stages: Series A, Seed
- Focus: B2B, CRM, SaaS

ARIA is an independent private equity fund management company run by professionals with a variety of business backgrounds. Thanks to the fusion of different characters and generations, we have a deeper understanding of the global market. We deliver great results to our portfolio companies, by supporting them with know-how and the right resources.We invest in projects with international growth potential, mainly in the areas of new technologies but we are also interested in small and mid-sized enterprises which have unique selling propositions regardless of their industry.

## Sophia Bendz
- Type: Angel
- Location: Stockholm, Stockholms Lan, Sweden
- Relevant deals: 1
- Stages: Seed, Pre-Seed
- Focus: Health Care, Software, Artificial Intelligence

Sophia Bendz - Partner @ Cherry Ventures

## Martin Tajur
- Type: Angel
- Location: Tallinn, Harjumaa, Estonia
- Relevant deals: 1
- Stages: Pre-Seed, Seed, Angel
- Focus: Software, SaaS, Recruiting

Martin Tajur is the co-founder of Pipedrive.

## Tomasz Kolinko
- Type: Angel
- Location: Warsaw, Mazowieckie, Poland
- Relevant deals: 1
- Stages: Pre-Seed
- Focus: FinTech, Big Data, Wellness

Tomasz Kolinko is the Founder of Freespace Warsaw. Prior to that, he founded Eveem.org and Trivial.co. He attended the University of Warsaw.

## Polipo Ventures
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Relevant deals: 1
- Stages: Pre-Seed, Series A, Series B
- Focus: B2B, SaaS, Big Data

we back exceptional founders with global aspirations

## Piotr Smolen
- Type: Angel
- Location: Warsaw, Mazowieckie, Poland
- Relevant deals: 1
- Stages: Seed, Pre-Seed
- Focus: Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, FinTech

Piotr Smolen is the Co-Founder and CEO at symmetrical.ai. Attended SGH Warsaw School of Economics.

## Altamira
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Warsaw, Mazowieckie, Poland
- Relevant deals: 1
- Stages: Seed, Series C
- Focus: Software, Internet, CleanTech

Altamira operetes as an equity investor and partner in company development, we cooperate with teams who demonstrate the ambition to achieve technological breakthroughs in their fields. We expect this to translate into significant revenue potential from international markets. We invest our money, time, competence, and contacts - and we only getinvolved where there is the potential for true partnership and cooperation with a company’s founders.

## RST Ventures For Earth
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Wroclaw, Dolnoslaskie, Poland
- Relevant deals: 1
- Stages: Seed
- Focus: Computer, Automotive, Industrial

RST Ventures For Earth is a technology venture capital fund investing in software and hardware projects at the startup stage. It focuses on renewable energy sources and energy harvesting, industrial automation and robotics, IoT, advanced materials and composites, software and hardware platforms, smart solutions for a clean environment, andartificial intelligence and machine learning.The Wroclaw, Dolnoslaskie-located firm was founded in 2018.

## Xevin Investments
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Warszawa, Mazowieckie, Poland
- Relevant deals: 1
- Stages: Seed, Series A
- Focus: Internet, E-Commerce, Software

Xevin Investments offer include investment and advisory services. The fund is interested both in companies and projects in the initial phase of development, unable to achieve further business goals due to insufficient capital, and in thriving companies in need of additional investment to achieve their milestones in the pursuit of competitiveadvantage.

## Protos Venture Capital
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Warszawa, Mazowieckie, Poland
- Relevant deals: 1
- Stages: Seed, Series A
- Focus: Mobile Apps, Beauty, Fashion

Protos Venture Capital is a funding company that is focused on internet businesses in Poland. It also includes mobile projects based on Software-as-a-Service, marketplace, lead-generator, and e-commerce sectors.
Protos Venture Capital is based in Warszawa, Poland.

## Ragnar Sass
- Type: Angel
- Relevant deals: 1
- Stages: Seed, Pre-Seed
- Focus: Information Technology, Software, SaaS

Ragnar Sass is the Co-Founder of Darkstar Camp. He previously worked at LIFT99 as a Founder and CEO. Ragnar Sass attended Estonian Business School.

## bValue Fund
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Warszawa, Mazowieckie, Poland
- Relevant deals: 1
- Stages: Seed, Pre-Seed
- Focus: Software, Information Technology, SaaS

bValue Fund is a specialized growth equity investment firm partnering with tech, tech-enabled, and innovation-driven businesses in Central and Eastern Europe. Managing a growth equity fund, bValue focuses on providing growth capital to ambitious entrepreneurs in the CEE region. The fund prioritizes fostering innovation and digitalization, offeringregional category leaders seeking international growth a unique blend of strategic and tactical support.

## Piotr Jakubowski
- Type: Angel
- Location: Jakarta, Jakarta Raya, Indonesia
- Relevant deals: 1
- Stages: Pre-Seed, Series B
- Focus: SaaS, Beauty, Hardware

Piotr Jakubowski is co-founder & Chief Growth Officer at Nafas. He has been tasked with bringing marketing excellence and innovation to the GO-JEK family of products and services. Piotr manages the in-house marketing team across creative, social, media buying, public relations, digital and above the line activities. He also sits on themanagement board of the company, bringing consumer insights and communications innovation to the GO-JEK family of products and services.

## Richard Branson
- Type: Angel
- Relevant deals: 1
- Stages: Series B, Series A, Series C
- Focus: E-Commerce, FinTech, Software

Sir Richard Branson is the current Founder of the Virgin Group and Owner and Founder of Virgin Limited Edition. He previously worked at OneWeb as a Board Member. Sir Richard Branson attended Bishopsgate School.

## Chris Guzowski
- Type: Angel
- Relevant deals: 1
- Stages: Seed, Pre-Seed, Series B
- Focus: E-Commerce, SaaS, Wellness

Chris Guzowski is a Principal at Polipo Ventures and Director of Opportunity Capital and Board Member at Power Lines Pro. He is a former Director of ABA Technology and Accountant at PricewaterhouseCoopers.Mr. Guzowski studied Business & Finance at the University of Technology, Sydney and received an MBA in Energy Management at the Universityof Economy Vienna.

## Unfold.vc
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Wroclaw, Dolnoslaskie, Poland
- Relevant deals: 1
- Stages: Seed, Pre-Seed
- Focus: Information Technology, Health Care, Gaming

Unfold.vc is a venture capital fund focused on providing financial support for technological projects that have great potential for success.

## Giza Polish Ventures (GPV)
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Warsaw, Mazowieckie, Poland
- Relevant deals: 1
- Focus: CleanTech, Oil and Gas, Natural Resources

Giza Polish Ventures (GPV) is a venture capital (VC) fund with a professional backup provided by the Israeli VC group Giza Venture Capital (Giza VC). Giza VC investment professionals contribute with wealth of expertise and experience in communications, semiconductors, information technologies, enterprise software, the life sciences and medicalequipment, clean technologies, media, the Internet, and entertainment. With more than 20 years of experience, Giza VC stands at the forefront of Israel's venture capital industry, having made more than 100 investments and achieved more than 40 successful exits. Since 1992, Giza has formed five funds and invested approximately $600 million.

## Konstantin von Unger
- Type: Angel
- Location: London, England, United Kingdom
- Relevant deals: 1
- Stages: Seed, Series A, Series D
- Focus: Software, Machine Learning, SaaS

Konstantin von Unger is a an experienced investor in technology companies and an independent Board member. He serves as the Vice Chairman of the Shareholders' Committee at Henkel AG and as the Chairman of the supervisory board at the Henkel Family Office. Konstantin attended London Business School and Brown University.

## Resource Partners
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Warszawa, Mazowieckie, Poland
- Relevant deals: 1
- Stages: Private Equity
- Focus: Snack Food, TV, Rental

Resource Partners is an accomplished private equity investor

## Kogito Ventures
- Type: VC Fund
- Location: Warsaw, Mazowieckie, Poland
- Relevant deals: 1
- Stages: Seed, Pre-Seed
- Focus: E-Commerce, Machine Learning, Logistics

We build 50/50 syndicates with Angel Investors. Ticket size ranges from PLN 0.5m to PLN 2m per investment, and we can follow-on with up to PLN 4m per company in total. We can participate in rounds starting from Pre-Seed to Series A. Kogito Ventures participates in the Biznest programme run by Polish Development Fund (PFR) and has beenallocated funding of PLN 30m, which is matched with another PLN 30m coming from co-investing Business Angels.
